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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is the relationship between Potassium and Magnesium?
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A low magnesiu level usually accompanies a low potassium level
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BUN reflects?
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The metabolic function of the liver and the excretory function of the kidneys
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B/c urea is formed in the liver as the end product of protein metabolism
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What is the ratio of creatinine and the BUN
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1:20
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Hyponatremia: Signs and Treatment
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Lethargy, Confustion, Muscle cramps, twitching
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Restricting fluids safer than IV saline solutions but if prescribed administer them very slowly
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Hypernatremia
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Thirst, Hyperpyrexia, Irritability
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Restrict sodium in diet and increase water intake
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Hypokalemia:Causes; Treatment; Symptoms
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Causes=Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing's
Signs= flat t wave, decreased GI motility, muscle weakness |
Treatment: Administer potassium
Eat foods with potassium= bananas, oranges, cantaloupes, avocado, spinach, potatoes |
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Hyperaldosteronism
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defined by the body's overproduction of aldosterone, a hormone that controls sodium and potassium levels in the blood. Its overproduction leads to retention of salt and loss of potassium, which leads to hypertension (high blood pressure).
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Aldosterone-secreted by the adrenal gland( adrenal cortex)
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Hyperkalemia: Causes, Treatment; Symptoms
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Addison Disease
Bradycardia, Flaccid pralysis, Tall T waves |
Administer 50% gluocse with regular insulin; Calcium gluconate to protect the heart
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Hypocalcemia: Causes, Treatment; Symptoms
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Hypoparathyroidsim, Pancreatitis
Tetany, Positive Trousseau Sign, Tingling of extremities |
Administer calcium supplements 30min before meals, Administer calcium slowly infiltration can cause tissue necrososis
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Hypercalcemia;Causes ,Treatments, Symptoms
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Polyruia, Polydypsea,
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Administer calcitonin= reduced Ca level
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Glaucoma is usually.......
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Painless and symtpom free. It is usually picked up as part of a regular eye examination
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What is the purpose of eye drops in a glaucoma client?
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Eye drops are used to cause pupil contriction because movements of the muscles to constrict causes aqueous humor to flow= decreased pressure in the eye
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Teaching for Pilocarpine
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Eye drop used in glaucoma patients, caution vision may be blurred for 1-2 hours after administration and that adaptation to dark environments are difficult
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Conductive Hearing Loss
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sound does not travel well to the sound organs of the inner ear
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The volume is less but clear and if you speak up hearing is normal
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Phospharus Level
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2.5-4.5
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Hyperthyroidism aka
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Graves Disease, Goiter
-excessive activity of the thyroid gland |
-Acceleration of Body processes
Weight Loss Increased appetite Tachy Increased BP Heat intolerance Exophthlmos |
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Thyroid Storm
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Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism occcurs with Graves Disease
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Signs= Anxiety, Agitation and elevated BP
Care focused on maintaining airway |
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What drugs may be given to treat Hypothyroidism?
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Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole (Tapazole) Propaolol (Inderal)=decrease in excessive sympathetic stimulation |
PTU- dosage is based on weight and is given over several months
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Postoperative care thyoidectomy
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Be prepared Laryngeal Edema
Tracheostomy set at the bedside with O2 Suction Machine Calcium Gluconate |
Signs of Laryngeal Edema= hoarseness or inability to speak clearly
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Parathyroids may be removed with a thyroidectomy- 1st indication problem with parathyroids
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decrease in calcium level prior to operation
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If two or more parathyoids have been removed what is the impact on nursing care
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The client is @ greater risk for tetany
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Monitor fr tingling of toes
Chvostek sign ( twitching of lip after tap on cheek) Trousseau sign ( carpopedal spasm after BP cuff inflated) |
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Hypothyroidism aka
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Hashimoto disease
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Fatigue, Dry Hair, Weight Gain, Cold intolerance, Dull Emotions
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What is a complication of Hypothyroidism
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Myxedema Coma
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Signs= hypotension, hypothermia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, respiratory failure
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Primary Adrenocortical Deficiency aka......
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Addison Disease
characterized by a lack of cortisol, aldosterone, androgens |
Signs of shock
Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Hyperpigmentation |
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Complications of Addison Disease?
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Addison Crisis
Caused by sudden withdrawal of sterioids or a stressful event |
Vascular collapse
Hypoglycemia |
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Treatment of Addison Crisis
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1. Rapid infusion of large amounts of IV fluids
2. IV glucose 3. IV hydrocortisone (Essential) 4.Aldosterone replacement |
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Cushing Syndrome
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Excess adrenocorticoid activity usually caused by chonic administration of corticosteroids
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Signs of Cushing
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Truncal Obesity
Abdominal Striae Buffalo Hump Edema, poor wound healing, easy bruising Hirsutism in females |
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Client teaching for client taking steroids
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1. Take with meals to prevent gastric irritation
2. Never skip doses 3. If have N/V for more than 12-24 contact MD |
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What are the peak action times of these types of insulin?
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Rapid- 2-4
Intermediate- 6-12 Long Acting- 14-20 |
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