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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anatomy?
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Study, classification and description of structures and organs in the body
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What is Physiology?
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Processes and functions of the body
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Anterior/Ventral
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Face froward, front of body
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Posterior/Dorsal
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Toward the back
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Cranial
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Toward the head
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Caudual
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Directed toward or situated in or near the tail
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Superior
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Toward the head or above
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Interior
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Toward the feet, lower
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Medial
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Toward the midline
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Lateral
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Toward the side
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Proximal
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Near the trunk
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Distal
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Away from the stucture
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Superficial
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Near the surface
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Deep
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Further away from body surface
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Atoms
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Smallest particles that form building blocks
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Molecule
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2 or more atoms form
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Cell
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Smallest units of structures and function
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Tissue
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Organization of similar cells that act together to perform a special function
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System
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Organization of varying numbers of and kinds of organs to perform complex functions
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Organ
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group of several kinds of tissues to perform special function
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Homeostasis
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Relationships between environments to maintain and promote health
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Cytoplasm
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Exists in cellsz, gel-like substance, internal living material, contains water, proteins, minerals, salts and carbohydrates
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Plasma Membrane
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Outer shell, selectively permable
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Nucleus
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Largest organele
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Ribsomes
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Protein factories, produce proteins and enzymes
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Mitochondria
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Powerhouse, bean shaped, convert food to complex energy
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Lysosomes
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Digest food, sac-like
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Golgi Apparatus
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Rod-shaped, paried, aid in formation of spindle mitosis
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ER
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Mitosis
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Cell division where each daughter cell has same chromosomes as parent.
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Interphase
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First and last phase of mitosis, whole cells
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Prophase
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Nucleus forms 2 strands, centriloes form spindles
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Metaphase
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Nucleus membrane and nucleus dissappear, spindle fibers attach to each chromatid
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Telophase
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Final stage, 2 nuclei appear and chromsosmes disappear
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Active Transport
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Movement of materials across the membrane of a cell by chemical activity that allows the cell to admit larger molecules than would other wise enter
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Phagocytosis
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Process that permits a cell to engulf or to surround any foreign material and digest it
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Pinocytosis
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Process by which extracellular fluid is taken into the cell
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Passive Transport
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Moment of small molecules across membrane of a cell by diffusion
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Diffusion
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Process in which solid particles in a fluid move from a higher concentration to lower which an even distribution of particles in fluid
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Osmosis
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The passage of water across a selectively permable membrane with water molecules going from the less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution
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Filteration
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By force; the movement of water and particles through a membrane by force; only liquid can pass
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4 Tissues
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Epithelial;connective;muscles;nervous
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Tissues
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Protect, absorb, secrete
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Connective Tissue
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Connects or joins, tissues or structures in the body
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Foms of connective tissues
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areolar;adipose;fiborous;bone;
cartilage; blood |
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Muscle tissue
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contract in response to a message from the brain
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3 types of muscle tissue
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skeletal, cardiac, visceral
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Nervous tissue
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Provides rapid communication between body structure and control of body function
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Membrane
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Thin sheets of tissue that serve many functions in the body
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Mucus Membranes
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Secrete mucous which keep membranes moist and soft and protects against the bacteria
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Serous membranes
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Secrete thin watery material to prevent friction
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Connective tissue
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Tissue membrane that is smooth and slick and secret synovial fluid
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Synovial fluid
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Slick, thick, colorless fluid that lubricates
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Right Hypochondriac
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R lobe of liver ;gallbladder
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Epigastric
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R&L lower lobe of liver;large portion of stomach
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Left hypochondriac
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Small part of the stomach;part of lg intestine
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Right Lumbar
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Part of large and small intestine
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Right Illiac
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Cecum and parts of samll intestine
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Hypogastic
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Part of small intestine, bladder appendix
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Left Iliac
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Portion of the colon and small intestines
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Ventral Cavity
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Thoracic and adodompelvic cavities
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What is Histology?
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The study of tissues
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How are muscles named
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Some for their function, others for thier location or for the numbers of points of orgin
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The Nervous System contains
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Brain, spinal cord and individual nerves
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The Central Nervous System contains
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Brain and spinal cord
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The peripheral nervous system contains
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All the nervies and their branches
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Most reflex pathways involve>
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Impulses traveling to and from the brain in ascending and decending tracts of the spinal cord
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Sensory impulses enter?
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The dorsal horns of the spinal cord and motor impulese leave through the ventral of the spinal cord
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Hormones
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They are chemical messengers that control the growth, differential to and metabolism of specific target cells-- Steroids and AMP
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Pituitary Gland
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Known as the Master Gland
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Name endocrine glands
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Thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, overies and testes
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Erythrocytes
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Red blood cells
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Leukocytes
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White blood cells and platelets
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Blood serves to?
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Transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes
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List the respiratory organs
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nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm and muscles surrounding the ribs
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The respiratory system supplies?
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Oxygen to the body and eliminates carbon dioxide.
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The pathways of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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External respiration and internal respiration
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Mouth
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Breaks up food
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Pharynx
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Swallows
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Salivary Glands
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Silva moistens and lubrates food
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Esophagus
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Transports food
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Liver
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Breaks down, store vitamins, destroys old blood cells
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Gallblader
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Stores and concentrates bile
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Stomach
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Stores and churns food
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Small Intestine
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Completes digestion, absorbs nutrients
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Pancreas
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Hormones regulate blood glucose levels
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Large Intestine
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Reabsorbs water and ions--stores feces
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Anus
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Opening for elimination of feces
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The Uninary System
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2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
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Using anatomic directions, describe the location of the ankle in relation to the knee
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Distal
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What is the serous membrane surrounding the heart called?
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Pericardium
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What is the activity mitotic layer of the epidermis called?
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Stratum Germinativum
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What is the total number of phalanges in the skeleton
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28
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The flexor carpi ulnaris is located in what pary of the body?
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Wrist
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What area of the brain controls muscle coordination and balance?
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Cerebellum
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What is the nick name for the pituitary galnd?
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Master Gland
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Which of the following in not a type of white blood cell?
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Erythrocytes
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What cellular structures trap bacteria and pollutants in the upper respiratory system?
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Cila
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What is the larget gland in the human body?
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Liver
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What structure acts as a storage area for urine?
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Urinary bladder
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What portion of the uterus is under direct hormonal effect?
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Endometrum
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The dermis is classified as an
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Organ
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Upper motor neuron originate in which area of the body?
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Motor are of the cerebral hemispheres
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Where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors--specialized senory nerves that assist with the regulation of circulation and respiration located
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Carotid body--runs on both sides of the throat
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Where are the baroreceptos located?
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Aorta
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Which structure is an example of a long bone?
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Metatarsal - 5 long bones in the foot
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Which structure is divided into 4 lobes?
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Liver
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Eye movement and papllary reflexes originate in which part of the central nervous system?
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Midbrain
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Which vessel transports blood from the lung to the heart?
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Pulmonary vein
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What does the word pulmonary refer to?
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Lungs
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Venous refers to which body system?
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Circulation
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What is the primary sympathetic neurohomone?
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Norepinephrine
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An improper balance between calcium and which substance can adversely affect the growth of healthy bone tisse?
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Phosphorus
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The function of the pulmonary veins is to carry?
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Oxygenated blood to the left atrium
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What substane causes extreme dilation of arterioles and capillaries stagnating blood flow within the tissues and leading to profound shock?
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Histamine
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What is the expected pH of the stomach?
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0,90 to 1.50
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What mineral is responsible for muscle contraction?
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Calcium
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Bile is secreted into which organ
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Small intestine
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What does para thyroid hormone regulate?
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Calcium
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What is the function of aldosterone?
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Conserves sodium in the body
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What is the function of the baroreceptors?
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Decrease heart rate
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Which nerve is responsibile for regulating the amount of light entering the eye?
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Oculomotor nerve
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Abdominopelvic
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Cavity composed of the abdomen and the pelvis
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Amino acids
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Building blocks of proteins
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ATP
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Energy of the cell
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Atria
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Upper chambers of the heart
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Cranial cavity
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Contains the brain
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Hypothalamus
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Portion of the brain that regulates body tempature, sleep and appetite
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Keratin
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Primary component for hair, nails skin
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PH
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Measurments of acids and bases
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