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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
which hepatoocyte zone is daged most by carbon tetrachloride? |
zone 3 necrosis occurs because it is metabolized by CYP2e1 to CCl3, a toxic radical radicals can be ,metabolized by anti-oxidant molecule to a non-toxic species, but that is phase 2 enzyme biotransformation, of which the is a reduced availability in zone 3 |
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Mtabolism of Ethanol EtOH |
ADH and ALDH metabolize ethanol to form acetate under normal conditions the body can handle this fine to much ethanol disrupts lipid handling th increased alcohol consumption, cyp2e1 is induced yp2e1 metabolized ethanol into reactive species and acetylaldehyde overwhelms ability of ALDH to metabolize/ detoxicate acetylaldehyde preferentially damages zone 3 |
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Hepatopathology- liver damage |
Steatosis Steatohepatitis Fibrosis Cirrhosis Cancer |
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Define Steatosis |
fatty liver
caused by dysfunctional regulation of fatty acid production, metabolism, transport in liver Alcoholism
Can develop into more serious forms of liver damage more vulnerable to additional toxic insults
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Define and describe Steatohepatitis |
Steatosis can progress to steatohepititis signals additional damage to hepatocytes damaged cells initiate inflammatory response mediated by kupffer cells in hepatocytes inflammatory response is mostly there to help the cells too much information can be harmful |
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Define and describe liver fibrosis (scar tissue) |
inflammation and cell damage triggers a repair mechanism hepatocytes produce excessive amounts of collagen that forms a scar within the liver can disrupt the normal function of the hepatocytes and liver alteration in xenobiotic transport and biotransformation |
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describe and define cirrhosis |
fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis excessive fibrosis can cause severe liver dysfunction leads to progressive damage to hepatocytes and liver function liver failure |
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describe and define hepatic carcinoma |
another end stage of major damage to heatocytes can progress from steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis cancerous cells arise from hepatocytes increased cell turnover direct interactions with DNA with toxicant or toxic metabolite |
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What is the relationship between Aflatoxin an liver damage? |
toxic metabolite is mycotoxin its found in contaminated crops cereals, peanuts, tree nuts, spices mtabolized by CYP3A4 Metabolite forms DNA adducts DNA damage, mutation, carcinogenesis |
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Cyanobacteria and routes of exposure |
cyanobacteria are part of algal blooms found in both fresh and marine water recent increase in algal blooms, domestically and internationally role of climate change in these processes produces toxin called microcystin exposure through contaminated water, oysters/cams/seafood, and recreational activities |
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cyanobacteria and liver toxicity |
microcystin targets liver and inhibits proteins involved in signal transduction in the cell leads to death of hepatocytes mcrocystin influxed through SLC transporters biotransformation occurs through Phase 2 conjugation with GSH |