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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is diagnosis of viral hepatitis determined?
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*Presence of antigens
*Antigenic sub-types *Development of specific antibodies |
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What is homologous immunity?
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Infection provides immunity to specific viruses but pt still develops another type of viral hepatitis.
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List the types of prevention.
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*Primary
*Secondary *Tertiary |
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Describe primary prevention.
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Avoid development of disease (vaccines).
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Describe secondary prevention.
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Early detection of disease (management).
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Describe tertiary prevention.
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Reduce negative impact, restore function, and reduce disease related compliations.
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What is the incubation period of HAV?
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15-50 days.
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How is HAV transmitted?
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Fecel-oral.
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Is there a chronic carrier state of HAV?
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No.
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How long is a person infectious with HAV?
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1-2 weeks after onset of symptoms.
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What type of prevention is there for HAV?
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*No raw shellfish
*HAV vaccine *Immunoglobulin before exposure or 2 weeks after |
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How is HBV transmitted?
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Blood.
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How long is HBV infectious?
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4-6 months.
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What indicates carrier state of HBV?
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HBs-AG persists in serum >6-12 months after infection.
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How can you prevent HBV?
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*HBV vaccine
*Safer sex |
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What is the major route of transmission for HCV?
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Percutanious exposure.
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Is there a vaccine for HCV?
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No.
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What must be present for HDV to function?
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HBV.
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How is HEV transmitted?
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Fecal-oral.
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Is there a test to diagnose HEV?
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No.
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What are symptoms of the acute phase of hepatitis?
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*Jaundice
*Fatigue *Nausea |
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What are the diagnostic tests for hepatitis?
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Liver function tests (LFT).
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What happens when PT is prolonged?
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Decreased absorption of vit K in intestine with decreased production of prothromin by liver.
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What are the puposes of the drugs used to treat viral hepatitis?
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Symptom relief.
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If someone has hepatitis, what meds should be avoided?
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Drugs metabolized by the liver.
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What kind of diet would a patient with hepatitis have?
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*High calorie
*High protein *High carbohydrates *Low fat |
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Is bacterial meningitis a medical emergency?
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Yes.
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How is meningitis (bacterial)transmitted to the meninges?
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Upper respiratory tract or blood stream.
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What are the key signs of bacterial meningitis?
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*Fever/chills
*Severe headache *Nausea/vomitting *Stiff neck |
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How is bacterial meningitis treated?
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IV antibiotics.
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Is there symptoms of brain involvement of viral meningitis?
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No.
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Will nuchal rigidity be present in children with meningitis?
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It may or may not.
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What types of organisms cause pneumonia?
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*Viruses
*Bacteria *Fungi |
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Is fungal pneumonia transmitted person to person?
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No.
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What is a symptom of bacterial pneumonia seen primarily in elderly or debilitated patients?
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Confusion and/or stupor.
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What is a significant clinical manifestation of viral pneumonia?
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Nonproductive cough.
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List some complications of viral pneumonia.
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*Pericarditis
*Arthritis *Meningitis *Endocarditis |
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What is the main goal of treatment for viral pneumonia?
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Treat the symptoms.
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When is the pneumococcoal vaccine recommended?
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>65 years of age.
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What is noticable in children with pneumonia?
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*Retractions
*Nasal flaring |
