Hemodynamics

Front 1

1. At autopsy a patient is found to have material within a medium sized vein in the leg. In examining this material, which of the following characteristics would be indicative of a postmortem clot?

Back 1

currant jelly appearence

Front 2

2. Thrombosis may lead to which of the following?

Back 2

a development of new vessels that re-establish blood flow within the thrombus AND complete removal of thrombus by the action of proteolytic enzymes

Front 3

3. During the organization process by which granulation tissue replaces a thrombus in a blood vessel, there may be a development of new vascular channels through the old thrombus. THsi process is referred to as

Back 3

recanalization

Front 4

4. Which of the following is least likely to lead to the development of a thrombosis

Back 4

thrombocytopenia

Front 5

5. Which of the following characteristics best describes a postmortem clot?

Back 5

chicken fat appearance

Front 6

6. Thrombi can develop in both the arterial and the venous circulation. Which of the following feature is more characteristic of arterial than venous thrombosis?

Back 6

mainly composed of platelets and fibrin

Front 7

7. Pathologic or funcional changes in the vessell wall are generally necessary for thrombi to develop in

Back 7

large arteries such as the aorta AND left ventricle of the heart

Front 8

8. The most frequent site of venous thrombosis is

Back 8

leg

Front 9

9. What is the earliest step in the formatin of a thrombus?

Back 9

adherencce of platelets to intima

Front 10

10.The most significant negative clinical sequelae of a venous embolus is that it may

Back 10

obstruct the pulmonary arterial circulation

Front 11

11. Which of the following would be least likely to induce aggregation of platelets?

Back 11

AMP

Front 12

12.Which of the following most accurately describes a postmortem clot?

Back 12

NEITHER gelatinous, rubbery and attached to wall OR formed after death by settlement that looks layered (lines of ZAHN)

Front 13

13. INa patient who dies with disseminated intravascular coagulation the fibrin thrombi are most typically found in

Back 13

capillaries

Front 14

14. Which type of thrombosis may lead to pulmonary thromboembolism?

Back 14

venous

Front 15

15. The major initiating mechanism of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with massive truma, extensive surgery or severe burns is

Back 15

autoinfusion of thromboplastin

Front 16

16. Mural thrombi are least likely to occur in

Back 16

pulmonary capillaries

Front 17

17.Diabetic man with atrial fib since infarct 2yrs ago. Develops acute appendicitis. After operation=right flank pain associated with hematuria, paralysis of right side of body and ischemic changes in left foot. Symptoms are due to:

Back 17

arterial emboli

Front 18

18. Anasarca refers to

Back 18

generalized edema

Front 19

19.thrombi can develop in the deep veins of th legs in patients who have had surgery. They can disloge and give rise to

Back 19

pulmonary emboli

Front 20

32 yowm motorcyle accident. 20. 2 days after operation to fix femur, he became short of breath, cyanotic hypotensive, and comatose. yoususpect

Back 20

fat emboli

Front 21

21. A paradoxical embolus

Back 21

passes from right to left cardiac circulation

Front 22

22. what is associated with systemic arterial emboli?

Back 22

atrial fib and myocardial infarct

Front 23

23. Most common cause of fat embolism is

Back 23

fractures of long bones

Front 24

24. severe and generalized edema causing diffuse swelling of all tissues and organs in the body is calle d

Back 24

anascara

Front 25

pulmonary thromboemboli most frequently originate from

Back 25

leg veins

Front 26

A paradoxical embolus is most commonly associated with

Back 26

patent foramen ovale

Front 27

systemic arterial thromboemboli most commonly arise from the

Back 27

heart

Front 28

28. Which of the following sites is least likely to lead to pulmonary emboli?

Back 28

portal vein

Front 29

29. Emboli arising from leg veins can produce infarcts in

Back 29

lung

Front 30

Woman gives birth to 3rd child. Develops resp. difficulty with cyanosis and cardiovascular shock followed by clonic tonic convusions and coma and death.

Back 30

amniotic fluid embolism

Front 31

31. transmural infarction of a segmentof the small intestine typically

Back 31

can lead to gangrene

Front 32

32. What is the least likely cause of edema?

Back 32

decreased interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Front 33

33. what best characterizes myocardial infarcts?

Back 33

pale, irregular, arterial

Front 34

hemorrhagic infarcts characteristically occur in

Back 34

lung

Front 35

edema of the arm following ratical masectomy results from

Back 35

decreased lymphatic return

Front 36

which of the following fluid accumulation wouild be least likely to have a specific gravity of less than 1.021?

Back 36

emphyema in lobular pneumonia

Front 37

37. Infarction of which organ is most likely to be hemmorrhagic in nature?

Back 37

lung

Front 38

The amount of tissue necrosis resulting fromarterial occlusion is most related to

Back 38

availability of a collateral blood supply

Front 39

In normal people, coagulation via the intrinsic path is initiated by

Back 39

collagen

Front 40

40. common clinical findings in a patient with chronic hemorrhage include

Back 40

anemia NOT shock

Front 41

which finding indicate chronic hemmorrhage?

Back 41

20% hct, occult fecal blood, iron deficiency anemia ONLY

Front 42

42. Which is the most likely indication that a patient has a platelet deficiency?

Back 42

petechiae

Front 43

43. chronic hemorrhage leading to anemia commonly occurs from

Back 43

uterus AND GI tract

Front 44

44. the color of hematoma is related to

Back 44

hemoglobin degredation

Front 45

hemorrhage fromthe nose is called

Back 45

epistaxis

Front 46

46. the presence of blood in vomitus is known as

Back 46

hematemesis

Front 47

pleural effusion with a specific gravity of 1.006 would be the result of

Back 47

congestive heart failure

Front 48

65yowm history of congestive heart failure. xray shows diffuse, fluffy pulmonary infiltrates interpreted as pulmonary edema, a fluid level at the base of the right peeural cavity, and an ill defined density inthe upper lobe of the firght lung. aspirated fluid from therifht pelural cavity has a specific gravity of 1.006. The best explanation of fluid accumulation is

Back 48

increase pulmonary venous pressure

Front 49

thrombocytopenia results in a prolonged

Back 49

bleeding time

Front 50

50. lesions descriptive of pure left sided heart failure include

Back 50

hemosiderin laden macrophages in pulmonary alveoli

Front 51

which is least likely to b efound in a pt with right sided heart failure?

Back 51

hemosiderin laden macrophages in pulmonary alveoli

Front 52

left sided heart failure frequently leads to right failure b/c

Back 52

increased pulmonary arterial pressure strains the right ventricle

Front 53

53. heart failure cells are

Back 53

macrophages containing hemosiderin

Front 54

chronic passive congestion of liver most often resuklts from

Back 54

right heart failure

Front 55

widespread edema is most likely in a pt with

Back 55

hypoalbuminemia

Front 56

in an area of acute inflammation, edema is due predominantly to

Back 56

increased vascular permeability

Front 57

transudates commonly result from

Back 57

BOTH increased hydrostatic pressure AND altered osmotic pressure

Front 58

58. pleural fluid characterized as transudate

Back 58

may be due to congestive heart failure

Front 59

edema due to congestive heart failure is related to

Back 59

BOTH increased venous pressure AND retention of salt