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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dense and alpha granules of platelets
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Dense - ADP, calcium
alpha - vWF, fibrinogen |
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Monocyte differentiation in Blood, Joints, CT, Liver, Kidney, Brain, Bone
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Blood, alveoli, intestines - macrophages
Joints - A cells Ct - dendritic cels Liver - Kupffer cells Kidney - mesangial cells Brain - microglia Bone - osteoclast |
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Where are basophils found?
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blood
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Where are mast cells found?
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tissues
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What prevents mast cell degranulation?
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Cromolyn sulfate
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What all does Factor XII link? (4)
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Kinin, coagulation, plasminogen, complement
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What enzyme activates Vitamin K?
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epoxide reductase - Warfarin inhibits this epoxide reductase
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What do platelets release once bound to to vWF via GpIb?
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ADP and Ca2+
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What binds to GpIIb/IIIa to link platelets together?
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Fibrinogen
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Deficiency of GpIb
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Bernard-Soulier
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Deficiency of GpIIb/IIIa
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
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Irreversibly blocks ADP receptor, so ADP cannot induce GpIIb/IIIa expression
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Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine
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What causes teardrop cells?
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Bone marrow infiltrate (myelofibrosis)
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What is associated with Heinz bodies? What causes these?
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a-thalassemia and GP6D deficiency; oxidation of iron to ferric form leads to denatured Hb precipitation and damage to RBC membrane
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Which anemia may present with pagophagia (craving for ice)
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Iron-deficient anemia
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Where do the mutations occur in B-thalassemia?
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Point mutations in splice sites and promoter sequences
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What are the HBF levels in a-thal vs. b-thal?
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Both have increased HBF levels
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How do you ID ringed sideroblasts?
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iron-laden macrophages
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What causes sideroblastic anemia?
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X-linked defect in ALA synthase; defect in heme synthesis
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Rx for sideroblatic anemia
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Pyridoxine (Vit B6)
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3 drugs that can cause non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemias
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Zidovudine (AZT), 5-FU, hydroxyurea
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Which viruses can cause aplastic anemia?
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Parvovirus B19, EBV, HIV, HCV
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What are you looking for in Ham's Test Flow cytometry?
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
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Which aa acid switch do you see in Sickle cell?
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glutamic acid -> valine
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Which aa acid switch do you see in HbC?
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glutamic acid -> lysine
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What disease has both warm and cold agglutinin?
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CLL
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Accumulation of Uroporphyrin; Tea-colored urine
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Porphyria cutanea tarda
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What is the enzyme deficient in Porphyria cutanea tarda?
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Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
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Why is hypocalcemia a risk in blood tranfusions?
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Citrate in the transfusions can act as a calcium chelator
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Which Hodgkin's lymphoma is associated with EBV?
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Mixed cellularity
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Which Hodgkin's lymphoma is not associated with EBV?
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Nodular sclerosing
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Which Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is a result of overactive cyclin D
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Mantle Cell lymphoma (11;14); CD5+
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Skin lesions + neoplastic cells in the cribiform nuclei
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Mycosis fungoides/ Sezary syndrome
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Which Ig is spiked in multiple myeloma?
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IgG
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Which Ig is spiked in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia?
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IgM
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Which lymphoma is CD5+?
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Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Which leukemia is CD5+?
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CLL
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Which leukemia is CD10+?
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ALL
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What type of lymphoblastic leukemia is Hairy Cell Leukemia?
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B-cell tumor
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Which leukemia stains positive for myeloperoxidase?
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AML
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These cells express CD1a and S-100
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Birbeck granules - Langerhans cell histiocytosis
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Which cells are generally spared from fibrosis in myelofibrosis?
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Megakaryocytes
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Appropriate vs. Inappropriate Absolute polycythemia?
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Ap - low O2 provoked
Inap - normal O2 (ie. tumors) |
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Thrombocytopenic hypercoagulable state
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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
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Rx for HIT
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a direct thrombin inhibitor (Lepirudin, Bivalirudin, Argatroban)
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Which anti-coag can cause skin/tissue necrosis?
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Warfarin
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Site of action of heparin vs. warfarin?
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Hep - blood
Warf - liver |
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MOA of thrombolytics
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Directly or indirectly aid the conversion of plasminogen -> plasmin
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Rx for thrombolytic tox and MOA?
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Aminocaproic acid -| fibrinolysis
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@ low doses, does aspirin inhibit COX-1 or Cox-2?
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Cox-1 (anti-platelet)
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Major tox of CLopidogrel
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Neutropenia, mouth ulcers
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Cilostazol, Dipyridamole
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PDE 3 inhibitors; increases cAMP in platelets -> inhibits platelet aggregation
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What is the major clinical use for Cilostazol, Dipyridamole?
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Intermittent claudication
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What type of analog is 6-MP, cytarabine, and Cladribine
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6-MP: purine(thiol) analog
Cytarabine: pyrimidine analog (inhibits synthesis of DNA) Cladribine: purine analog |
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Which antitumor antibiotic treats many childhood tumors?
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Dactinomycin
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Which alkylating agent is directed towards CML?
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Busulfan
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What are the 2 major tox of Cisplatin?
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Nephrotox (prevented with Amifostine) and Acoustic nerve damage
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Which phase of the cell cycle is hydroxyurea specific for?
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Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase in the S-phase
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How does prednisone work as an anti-cancer?
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May trigger apoptosis
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What is the major tox of Trastuzumab?
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Cardiotox
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