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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Methotrexate
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Folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase; decrease in dTMP
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Toxicity: Myelosuppresion (reversed with leucovorin); macrovesicaulr fatty change; mucositis; teratogenic |
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5FU
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Pyrimidine Analog that binds to folic acid and inhibits thymidylate synthesis resulting in decrease in dTMP
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Toxicity: Mywlosuppresion (can't reverse with leucovorin, rescuse with thymidine); photosensitivity |
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6MP
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Purine analog that inhibits purine synthesis
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Toxicity: Bone marrow, GI, liver; metabolized by xanthine oxidase so allopurinol increases toxicity |
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6TG
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Purine analog that inhibits purine synthesis
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Toxicity: Bone marrow, liver; can be given with allopurinol |
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Cytarabine
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Pyrimidine antagonist inhibits DNA polymerase
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Toxicity: Leukopenia, thromocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia |
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Dactinomycin
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intercalates with DNA
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Toxicity: myelosupression |
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Doxorubicin
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Generates free radicals and creates breaks in strand through non-covalent intercalation
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Toxicity: cardiotoxicity, myelosupression and alopecia. Toxic to tissues with extravasation |
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Bleomycin
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induces free radical formation causes DNA breaks
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Toxicity: pulmonary fibrosis, skin cahnges, minimal myelosupression |
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Etoposide
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topoisomerase inhibitor increase DNA degradation
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Toxicity: myelosupression, GI irriation, alopecia |
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Cyclophosphamide
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covalently X link DNA at guanine nitrogen; needs to be bioactivated
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Toxicity: myelosupression, hemorrhagic cystitis (can be prevented with mesna which binds toxic metabolites) |
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Nitrosoureas
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carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin
require activation and cross CNS |
Toxicity: CNS - dizziness and ataxia |
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Busulfan
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alkylates DNA
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Toxicity: pulomary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation |
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Vincristine
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binds tubulin and blocks polymerization
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Toxicity: neurotoxicity and paralytic ileus |
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Vinblastine
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binds tubulin and blocks polymerization
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Toxicity: bone marrow suppression |
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Paclitaxel and taxol
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hyperstabilizes polyermized microtubules so can't break down mitotic spindle
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Toxicity: myelosupression and hypersensitivity |
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Heparin
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ATIII cofactor to decrease thrombin and Xa, short half life
follow PTT |
Use: PE, MI, ACS, stroke, DVT, can be used during pregnancy
Toxicity: bleeding, throbocytopenia (HIT-binds factor IV and leads to hypercoaguable state), osteoporosis, drug-drug Antidote:protamine |
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Lepirudin
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directly inhibit thrombin
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alternative to heparin for pts with HIT
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warfarin
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intereferes with synthesis and gamma carboxylation of vit K dependent factors. metabolized by P450 monitor PT
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use: chronic anticoagulation, do not use in pregnant women can cross placenta
toxicity: bleeding, teratogenic, skin/tissue necrosis, drug-drug Antidote: vit K or FFP |
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Aspirin
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irreversible cox inhibitor so Tx2 can't be produced. increase bleeding time
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Use: antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, analgesic
Toxicity: castric ulceration, bleeding, hyperventilation, Reye's syndrome, tinnitus |
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Clopidogrel
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inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blockin ADP receptors. Inhibits fibringoen by blocking gpIIb/IIIa receptors
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Use: ACS, coronary stenting, decreased incidence of thrombotic stroke
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ticlopidine
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inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blockin ADP receptors. Inhibits fibringoen by blocking gpIIb/IIIa receptors
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Use: ACS, coronary stenting, decreased incidence of thrombotic stroke
Toxicity: neutropenia |
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Abciximab
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monoclonal antibody that binds to the glycoprotein receptor on active platelets and prevents aggregation
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Use: ACS, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Toxicity: bleeding, thrombocytopenia |
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cisplatin, carboplatin
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cross link DNA
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nephrotoxicity ad acoustic nerve damage
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hydroxyurea
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inhibits ribonucleotide reductase leading to a decrease in DNA synthesis
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bone marrow suppression and GI upset
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prednisone
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may trigger apoptosis
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cushing like syndrome, immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis
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tamoxifen
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SERM; breast antagonist and agonist in bone
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may increase risk of endometrial cancer via partial agonist effect, hot flashes
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raloxifene
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SERM; breast antagonist and agonist in bone
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hot flashes
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trastuzumab
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monoclonal antibody against HER 2 and can kill cells overexpression Her 2
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cardiotoxicity
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imatinib
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bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
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fluid retention
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rituximab
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monoclonal antibody against CD20
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