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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What class of molecule determines ABO specificity? What are the genes coding?
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ABO antigens are carbohydrates. ABO genes encode glycosylation enzymes, not the carbohydrates themselves.
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What red cell preparation may help reduce allogenicity? CMV transmission?
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"Leukocyte-Poor Blood" may reduce the risk of allo-immunization, as well as CMV transmission.
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Does O-Type blood contain ABO antibodies?
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Yes. O-Type blood contains antibodies against Type A and B blood. These antigens are common in nature and are not necessarily developed in response to blood exposure.
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What percentage of patients undergoing transfusion will develop alloantibodies?
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2-3% of transfusion patients will develop alloantibodies. They are commonly a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn.
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Is ABO type-matching important in plasma transfusion?
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Yes - patients should not be transfused with large volumes of plasma which has antibodies to their red cells.
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How much will 1 unit of platelets raise the count in a 70kg man?
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One unit of platelets will raise the count approx. 8-10,000
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Are Rh compatibilities important in platelet transfusion?
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Rh positive platelets SHOULD NOT be give to Rh negative women of childbearing age.
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Can you refrigerate platelets?
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No.
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What are the common uses of FFP?
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1) Congenital factor deficiencies
2) Emergency reversal of warfarin toxicity 3) Liver disease 4) Dilutional anticoagulation during surgery |
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What is the most common adverse reaction to blood products?
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Transfusion reaction, due to ABO incompatibility
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What are the SxS of a hemolytic reaction?
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Fever, chills, anxiety, hypotension, dyspnea, nausea and vomiting. Pts under general anesthesia may exhibit only hypotension and diffuse hemorrhage due to DIC.
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What are two complications of a hemolytic reaction?
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DIC and ARF
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What important lab test should be run if a hemolytic reaction is suspected?
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Check for free hemoglobin in the patient's plasma.
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What is a delayed transfusion reaction?
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Delayed reactions occur when prior exposure, but no active antibody pool, is present. Happens 3-10 days post-transfusion.
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What causes a Febrile Transfusion Reaction?
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Antibodies against the transfused white cells. Happens 30' to 2h post-transfusion.
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What are allergic transfusion reactions?
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Reactions to plasma components of the transfusion.
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What infections are/were most commonly due to transfusion?
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Hepatitis, CMV, HIV
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Which transfusion infection is both possible and devastating?
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CMV infection of the immunocompromised host (marrow transplant, HIV patient, etc.)
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How might transfusion-related GVHD be prevented?
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Gamma-irradiation of blood products
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