Review Of Wbc Morphology, Leukocyte Neoplasms And Cytochemistry- Week 1

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Reference range of Absolute Values: cells/μL
Neutrophils

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2300-8100

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Reference range of Absolute Values: cells/μL Lymphocytes

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800-4800

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Reference range of Absolute Values: cells/μL

Eosinophils

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0-400

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Reference range of Absolute Values: cells/μL Basophils

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0-100

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Reference range of Absolute Values: cells/μL Monocytes

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450-1300

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leukocytosis

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>50x10^9/L

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leukopenia

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<4.5 x 10^9/L

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chronic myelogenous leukemia

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increases in all granulocytes including eosinophils and basophils. involvement of platelets including giant hypogranular forms.

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase markedly decreased

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Leukemoid reaction

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Increases in neutrophils and their immature forms, possible increased monocytes-but absence of basophils and eosinophils. No dyspoietic morphology. No abnormal platelet morphology, Markedly increased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.

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leukoerythroblastosis

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left shift

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Immature forms in circulation accompanied with the morphologic changes affecting the cytoplasm and nucleus

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increase in band forms and an occasional metamelocyte

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mild left shift

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metamyelocytes, myelocytes and an occasional promyelocyte in circulation

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moderate left shift

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Doehle bodies

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cause of Doehle bodies

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asynchronous maturation

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Toxic granulation, Vacuolization

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necrobiotic cell

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monocytosis

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> 1.1 X10^9/L

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pediatric lymphocytosis

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>10.0 X 10^9/L

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adult lymphocytosis

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> 4.8 X10^9/L

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reactive lymphocyte

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reactive lymphocyte

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myeloblast

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promyelocyte

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myelocyte

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metamyelocyte

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band

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segmented neutrophil

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leukemias are in the

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bone marrow

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lymphomas are in the

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lymphatic system

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causes of leukocytes neoplasms

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radiation, organic solvents, Epsten Barr associated with Burkitt non- Hodgkin lymphoma, Human T cell lymphotrophic virus type 1, therapy- cancer treatments

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Leukocyte neoplasms. Chromosomal abnormalities, Genetic lesions

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Burkitt's lymphoma. Chronic myelogenous leukemia

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oncogene

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cause dominant acting cancer mutations

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protooncogenes

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codes for proteins involved in normal cell cycle regulation

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tumor suppressor genes

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codes for proteins that resist malignant transformation

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molecular pathway alteration

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blocked differentiation. transcriptional repression, programmed cell death

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kills cells by reproducing unstable ions that damage DNA

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radiation therapy

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monoclonal antibodies and Imatinib mesylate

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targeted therapy- acts specifically on genetic lesions that cause cancers

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Chronic GVHD

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transplantation complication after 100 days

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Syngeneic transplant

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between identical twins

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Allogeneic transplant

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between different donors

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Autologous transplant

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from a person's own marrow

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cytochemistry

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study of chemical constituents of cells which with the help of the staining properties help determine the lineage

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who does not have myeloperoxidase?

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lymphocytes

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chemical used for MPO?

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3,3’ diaminobenzidine or p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride and catechol

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Myeloperoxidase enzyme found in the primary granules of neutrophils, eosinophils and some in monocytes

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What does Sudan Black do and what is it's purpose?

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It stains fats, sterols and phospholipids- differentiates between ALL and AML.

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Lymphoids are _______ to Sudan Black.

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negative

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Granulocytes are ______ to SBB.

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positive

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Monocytes are ________ to Sudan Black.

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negative

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What do esterases do?

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Differentiate neutrophillic granulocytes from monocytic cell

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positive reaction to esterase stain

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who is positive and who is negative to α-naphthyl acetate esterase stain?

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Monocytes are positive however, granulocytes and lymphoid cells are generally negative

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positive reaction to esterase by monocyte

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monocyte positive for Alpha-Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase

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Diagnosing ALL and erythroid AML or abnormal erythroid presursors in MDS

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Periodic Acid Schiff

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periodic acid schiff stain

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Factor VIII antibodies

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positive in megakaryoblastic Leukemia

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positive reaction to Factor VIII in a person with acute megakaryocytic leukemia

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Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity

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differentiates Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia from leukemoid reaction

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Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity

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CML has reduced score
Leukemoid reaction scores are elevated

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Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity

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acid phosphatase

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identifies hairy cells

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Acid Phosphatase

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lymphocytosis

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eosinophilia

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monocytosis

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platelet satellitosis

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Pelger Huet

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Pelger Huet

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May Hegglin

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May Heggelin with doehle bodies

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Chediak Higashi

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Chediak Higashi

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Perioxidase stain

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PAS stain