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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood Type: A
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A antigens; B antibodies
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Blood Type: B
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B antigens; A antibodies
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Blood Type: AB
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A & B antigens; neither A or B antibodies
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Blood Type: O
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Neither A or B antigens; Neither A or B antibodies
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Blood Type: O
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Neither A or B antigens; both A and B antibodies
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Rh Factor
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Antigen on RBC surface.
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Rh+
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Antigen present on RBC surface and can receive blood from +/-
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Rh-
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Antigen is not present. Can only receive blood from -
RhoGAM |
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To have a successful transfusion:
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The blood type and group should be compatable (ABO,Rh)
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What types of transfusions can be given?
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Whole Blood
Platelets Packed RBC Fresh Frozen Plasma Cryoprecipitate Albumin WBC Autologous Blood |
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Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions:
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–Incompatibility with type/group
–Client’s blood attacks donor blood –Headache, chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension |
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Allergic Transfusion Reactions:
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–Onset=during or up to 24 hrs after infusion
–Urticaria, itching, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis –If history of this rxn, given washed RBC to decrease chance of repeat rxn |
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Febrile Transfusion Reactions:
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–Usually in client who has rec’d multiple transfusions
–develop anti-WBC antibodies –Chills, tachycardia, fever, hypotension, tachypnea –Given leukocyte reduced blood or single donor HLA-matched platelets; use WBC filter |
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Bacterial Transfusion Reactions:
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–Contaminated blood products
–Tachycardia, hypotension, fever, chills, shock –Onset= Rapid |
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Circulatory Overload Transfusion Reactions:
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–When blood product is infused too quickly
–Hypertension, bounding pulse, distended jugular veins, dyspnea, restlessness, confusion –Monitor I&Os, give slowly, give diuretics |
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Graft vs. Host Disease Transfusion Reactions:
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–Rare; life threatening (90% mortality)
–Donor T-lymphocytes attack host tissues –Onset = 1-2 weeks post transfusion –Thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, chronic hepatitis, weight loss, recurrent infections –Use irradiated blood products (kills T-cells) |
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Indications for Transfusions
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Trauma/Shock nAnemia (Hgb<6-10)
Thrombocytopenia (<20K) Deficient coagulation (PT/PTT elevated x1.5) Blood disorders (Hemophilia, von Willebrands, cancers, sickle cell anemia, etc) |
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Steps to Follow for Safe Administration of Blood Products #1
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1.PREPARATION
Assess client – VSS, I&O, History of rxn? Explain procedure and get consents signed Assess labs : H&H per agency protocol Type/Cross Match nPrepare access: #18 or #19 gauge or central catheter Obtain blood tubing (filtered) Normal Saline bag will hang with blood |
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Steps to Follow for Safe Administration of Blood Products #2
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2.Verification
–Confirm order –Obtain blood –Match all data ***2 RNs must check*** Clients full name Hospital Number/ID number Room Number Ordering Physician Blood Type/Group (ABO and Rh) Blood Unit # and type (Recipient # and Donor #) Expiration date –Inspect blood for clots, cloudiness, unusual color |
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Steps to Follow for Safe Administration of Blood Products #3
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3.Administration
–Hang with normal saline only –Set pump at ordered rate of infusion –Document time infusion starts –Obtain VS q15min x 3, then q30 until complete –Stay with patient for 1st 15-30 min to monitor –Monitor closely throughout entire transfusion |
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Steps to Follow for Safe Administration of Blood Products #4
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4.Post Transfusion
–Flush with NS –Document time transfusion completed and amount transfused –Obtain another set of VS –Discard of bag and tubing properly –Send completed blood admin record to blood bank –Document. Document. Document. |
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What if something goes wrong?
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If the client starts showing signs of a rxn:
–Stop the transfusion; continue to infuse saline –Notify physician –Take VS & Assess patient –Administer meds as per protocol/order (tylenol/benedryl) –Inspect blood to make sure ID error not made –Save blood bag for further testing –Follow agency protocol for collection of urine/blood |
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FYI:
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Blood should not hang for more than 4 hours
Do not add medications to transfusion or tubing Once obtained from blood bank, must be transfused immediately; otherwise, return to blood bank Sometimes warming blood is used to prevent hypothermia…use special warming device…not a microwave |
