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56 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Basophilic Stippling
Lead Poisoning |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Basophilic Stippling
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Bite cells
Any hemolytic anemia |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Bite cells
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Echinocyte or burr cell
Uremia |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Echinocyte or burr cell
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Heinz body
G6PD deficiency |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Heinz body
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Howell-Joly bodies
Asplenia, splenic dysfunction |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Howell-Joly bodies
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Howell-Joly bodies
Asplenia, splenic dysfunction |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Howell-Joly bodies
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hypersegmented neutrophil
folate or B12 deficiency |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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hypersegmented neutrophil
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Iron inclusions in bone marrow RBC
Sideroblastic anemia |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Ring of iron inclusions
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Parasite in RBC
Malaria |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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parasite
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Parasite in RBC
babesiosis |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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parasite in RBC
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Polychromasia
Reticulositosis (consider hemolysis) |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Polychromasia
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Rouleaux formation
Multiple myeloma |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Rouleaux formation
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Schistocytes and helmet cells
Intravascular hemolysis |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Schistocytes and helmet cells
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Target cell
Thalessemia, liver disease |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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target cell
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Teardrop cell
Myelofibrosis |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Teardrop cell
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Acanthocyte
abetalipoproteinemia |
What am I and what disease am I seen in?
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Acanthocyte
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What medications can cause anemia?
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methyldopa (-->rbc abs)
chloroquine and sulfa drugs (in G6PD def) phenytoin (megaloblastic anemia) chloramphenicol (aplastic anemia) |
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What are some examples of microcytic anemias?
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Iron deficiency
Sideroblastic Lead poisoning Thalessemias Sickle cell |
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Dx of iron deficiency anemia?
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low serum iron
low serum ferritin high TIBC target cells |
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Si/Sx of iron deficiency anemia?
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tachycardia, fatigue, pallor, smooth tongue, brittle nails, esophageal webs, pica
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Dx of sideroblastic anemia?
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high iron
nml to high TIBC high ferritin |
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What are some causes of sideroblastic anemia?
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Chronic alcoholism
Drugs (especially INH) Genetic |
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Si/Sx of lead poisoning?
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anemia, encephalopathy, seizures, ataxic gait, wrist/foot drops, renal tubular acidosis
BURTON'S LINES = blue/gray discoloration at gumlines |
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Tx of sideroblastic anemia?
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sometimes responsive to vit B6
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Dx of B-thal major
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on electrophoresis - very low HbA, high HbA2, high HbF
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Dx of B-thal minor
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on electrophoresis - low HbA, high HbA2, nml HbF
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What are some examples of macrocytic anemias?
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Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folic acid deficiency |
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What drugs can cause folate deficiency?
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methotrexate, bactrim (smx/tmp)
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What are labs to dx B12 deficiency?
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high serum methylmalonic acid, high homocysteine
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What are labs to dx folate deficiency?
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nml serum methylmalonic acid, high homocysteine
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Dx of anemia of chronic dx?
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low serum iron, nml/high ferritin, low TIBC
Hx of chronic inflamm |
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What are some etiolgoies of autoimmune hemolysis?
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idiopathic
lupus drugs(PCN) leukemia lymphoma IgG mediated |
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What are si/sx of autoimmune hemolysis?
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rapid onset
sphereocytes high indirect bili jaundice low haptoglobin high urine hemosiderin |
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What is the diagnostic lab in autoimmune hemolysis?
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positive direct coombs.
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Tx for autoimmune hemolysis
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prednisone +/- splenectomy
cyclophosphamide for refractory dz |
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What are some etiologies of cold-agglutin disease?
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idiopathic
Mycoplasma pneuo CMV EBV IgM mediated |
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Si/sx of cold-agglutinin dz
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anemia on exposure to cold or after URI
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what are the diagnostic labs of cold-agglutinin dz?
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+ cold-agglutinin test, +indirect coombs
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Tx for cold-agglutinin dz
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prednisone if severe, otherwise supportive
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Which coag tests are abnl in vWF dz?
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high PTT and BT
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Which coag tests are abnl in hemophilia?
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High PTT
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Which coag tests are abnl in DIC?
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High PT, PTT, and BT
Low plts n/low RBC |
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What other labs are abnl in DIC?
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High fibrin split products, low fibrinogen
Low factor VIII |
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Which coag tests are abnl in ITP?
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High BT
Low plt |
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What is the tx for ITP?
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steroids (first-line)
splenectomy (second-line) or cyclophosphamide |
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Which coag tests are abnl in TTP?
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High BT
Low plt Low RBC |
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What is the dx pentad for TTP?
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hemolytic anemia
renal failure thrombocytopenia fever neuro dz |
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What is the tx for TTP?
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Plasma exchange or IVIG until dz abates, otherwise fatal
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Which coag tests are abnl in liver failure?
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High PT, n/high PTT
n/low plt n/low RBC |
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Which coag tests are abnl in scurvy?
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none!
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What do you use to follow heparin?
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PTT
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What do you use to follow warfarin?
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PT
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What drugs can cause thrombocytopenia?
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heparin
sulfonamides valproate |
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What does the blood smear look like in autoantibody plt destruction?
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microspherocytes
+ coombs test |
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What does the blood smear look like in DIC?
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some schistocytes with high PT/PTT
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What does the blood smear look like in TTP/HUS?
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many schistocytes with nml/high PT/PTT
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