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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the differential of WBC from most to least.
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Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
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What is foun in basophil granules?
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histamine and heparin
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The majority of lymphocytes are what?
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T cells
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Vit K deficiency is a decrease in what factors?
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2,7,9,10 protein C and S
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What disease is associated with decreased Gp11b/11a? decreased G1b, and problem with adhesion part of the platelte plug?
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A= Glanzmanns thrombasthenia
B= Bernard Solier syndrome C=Von willebrands disease |
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What inhibits the ADP receptor on the platelet stopping the cohesion/swelling phase?
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clopidogrel
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Basophilic stipling
Target Cell Heinz body Pappenheimer body Howell Jolly |
A= Thallassemia, Anemia of Chronic Disease, IDA, Lead poisoning
B= HbC, Asplenia, liver disease, Thalassemia C= aThalassemia, G6PD deficiency D= Sideroblastic anemia E= hyposplenia, asplenia |
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What are some examples of microcytic anemias? MCV<80
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Thalassemias, Sidroblastic anemia, IDA
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Examples of macrocytic anemia? MCV >100
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Folate deficiency, B12 deficiency, liver disease, alcoholism, reticulocytosis, defect in purine/primidine synthesis, drugs
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A person comes in with pancytopenia and a non hemolytic anemia...What do they have? What are other examples of normocytic nonhemolytic anemias?
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Aplastic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease, kidney failure |
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A patient comes in after eating fava beans with a hemolytic anemia. What is the mechanism behind the disease?
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G6PD deficiency = decreased glutathione and the RBC is susceptible to oxidative stress
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What are warm agglutins associated with?
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Hemolytic anemia that is seen in chronic conditions such as SLE, CLL, and drugs. IgG
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A patient has increased levels of Protoporyphorin in the blood as well as a microcytic anemia, GI, and kidney disease. What enzyme is affected and what caused it?
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Lead poisoning and ferrochelatase and ALA dehydrognease are affected
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A person comes in with increased platelet aggregation, decreased platelet count, increased bleeding time, neurologic sx, fever, and renal sx. What is the underlying deficiency?
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Decrease in ADAMS 13 which degrades VWF....... Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
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What are some common diseases on the DDX of a positive D-dimer test?
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DIC, Factor V, PT gene mutation, ATIII deficiency, and Protein C/S deficiency
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On microscopy of a mass a binucleate, bilobed cell that looks like an "owl eye" is found. What disease is it most commonly associated with?
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Reed Sternberg cell associated with Hodgkins lymphoma
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What disease is associated with c-myc, t(8;14), and a "starry sky" appearance?
What if it is bcl-2 and t(14;18)? |
Burkitt's lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma (both are non-hodgkins) |
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U find a M-protein on serum electrophoresis and Bence Jones Protein in the urine. A roleaux formation is also noted in the blood. X-ray shows lytic bone lesions. What is the Dx? If you didnt have lytic lesions then what else could it be?
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Multiple myeloma
(bence jones= Ig light chains in piss) Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia |
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What stem cell lineage is the leukemia associated with t(9;22) philadelphia chromosome?
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Myeloid
CML |
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Auer bodies are associated with a leukemia that is myeloid or lymphoid? and will it have blast cells or more mature lymphocyte/myeloid ctem cells?
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AML
Myeloid and elevated myeloblasts |
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Whats the difference between polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis?
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Polycythemia vera is an abnormal clone of hematopoietic stem cells that are increasingly sensitive to growth factors and you will see an increase in plateltes, RBC's and WBC's
Essential thrombocytosis is an increase in megakaryocytes and you will see only an increase in platelets |
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Differentiate between heparin and warfarin.
1= oral 2=inhibits Vit K dependent factors 3= Acute use 4=overdose tx is protamine sulfate 5= monitored by PT 6= teratogenic |
1 Warfarin
2 Warfarin 3 Heparin 4 Heparin 5 Warfarin 6 Warfarin |
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What is the MOA of Tpa or Streptokinase?
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Convert plasminogen to plasmin which cleave thrombin and fibrin clots. Increase PT/PTT
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MOA of clopidogrel?
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Blocks ADP receptors and inhibits platelet aggregation
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What cancer drug inhibits thymidylate synthase and is reversed by thymidine rescue?
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5-fluorouracil
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MOA bleomycin and what is it used for?
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part of ABVD for Hodgkins and also for testicular cancer
G2 phase forms free radicals that kills dna |
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What cancers can prednisone be used in?
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CLL and Hodgkins commonly
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What is Trastuzumab and Imatinib used in?
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T = breast cancer expressing Her2
I = CML, GI expressing bcr-abl |
