Hematology

Front 1

Main S&S with B12 deficiency?

Back 1

Gradual onset of Peripheral neuropathy starting in hands and/or feet that slowly ascends

Front 2

Other S&S with B12 deficiency?

Back 2

Fatigue, pallor, glossitis

Front 3

Peripheral smear for b12 deficiency reveals what?

Back 3

Macrocytic or megablastic anemia w/ multisegmented neutrophils

Front 4

Alcoholic drinks with Hodgkins Lymphoma?

Back 4

Night sweats, fevers and pain.

Front 5

Higher incidence of Hodgkin’s in?

Back 5

Teen and >50yo, males, white

Front 6

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a cancer of the?

Back 6

Beta lymphocytes

Front 7

Acute Leukemia S&S?

Back 7

Fever, fatigue, wt. loss, bleeding gums, epistaxis, pallor, bruising, petechia, bone pain

Front 8

Acute Leukemia is a CA of the?

Back 8

Hematopoietic progenitor cells

Front 9

Acute hemorrhage labs?

Back 9

Sudden & rapid drop in the hemoglobin (<6g/dL) and hematocrit values

Front 10

S&S of acute hemorrhage?

Back 10

Shock: pallor, clammy skin, tachycardia, hypotension

Front 11

Frequent infections (especially bacterial) can indicate?

Back 11

Neutropenia (also may present w/fever, sore throat, oral thrush)

Front 12

Neutropenia defined?

Back 12

Absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,500/mm3

Front 13

Thrombocytopenia s&s?

Back 13

Easy bruising, bleeding gums, spontaneous nosebleeds, hematuria

Front 14

Normal platelet count and count w/thrombocytopenia?

Back 14

Normal = 100,000/mm3 Thrombocytopenia < 20,000/mm3 increases risk for bleed

Front 15

Hemoglobin Values

Back 15

Males: 13-18 g/dL
Females: 12-16 g/dL

Front 16

Hematocrit Values

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Males: 37%-49%
Females: 36%-46%

Front 17

Hematocrit is?

Back 17

Proportion of red blood cells in 1mL of plasma

Front 18

MCV is?

Back 18

Mean Corpuscular volume: A measure of the size of the red blood cell in a sample of blood.

Front 19

MCV is decreased with?

Back 19

Microcytic anemias

Front 20

MCV is elevated with?

Back 20

Macrocytic anemias

Front 21

Normal MCV?

Back 21

80-100fL

Front 22

MCHC is?

Back 22

mean corpuscular Hgb concentration: a measure of the avg color of the RBC in a sample

Front 23

When is MCHC decreased?

Back 23

Iron deficiency and thalassemia

Front 24

MCHC in macrocytic anemias?

Back 24

normal

Front 25

Normal MCHC value?

Back 25

31-37 g/dL

Front 26

MCH IS?

Back 26

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin: indirect measure of the color of RBC's

Front 27

MCH in decreased when?

Back 27

pale or hypochromic RBC's; iron deficiency or thalassemia

Front 28

MCH with macrocytic anemias?

Back 28

normal

Front 29

TIBC is?

Back 29

Total Iron Binding Capacity: A measure of the available transferrin that is left unbound to iron.

Front 30

Transferrin does what?

Back 30

Transports iron in the body

Front 31

When is TIBC elevated?

Back 31

Iron deficiency anemia and normal in thalassemia, b12, and folate deficiency anemia

Front 32

Normal TIBC range?

Back 32

250-410 mcg/dL

Front 33

Normal MCH value?

Back 33

25-35 pg/cell

Front 34

Serum Ferritin is?

Back 34

The storage form of iron. Produced in the intestines, stored in body tissue such as spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Correlates with iron storing status of healthy adults

Front 35

Serum Ferritin is markedly decreased with ?

Back 35

iron deficiency anemia, but normal to high in thalessemia trait.

Front 36

Normal Serum ferritin level?

Back 36

20-400ng/ml

Front 37

Serum Iron is decreased with?

Back 37

iron deficiency anemia; normal to high with thalassemia and the macrocytic anemias. Not as sensitive as ferritin reading.

Front 38

What affects serum iron reading?

Back 38

recent blood transfusion; avoid iron supplements for 24 hours before testing

Front 39

normal serum iron level?

Back 39

50-175 mcg/dL

Front 40

RDW is?

Back 40

Red Cell Distribution Width: A measure of the variation in size of red blood cells in a given sample.

Front 41

When is RDW elevated?

Back 41

iron deficiency anemia; immature RBC's tend to be bigger; mixed population

Front 42

Reticulocytes are?

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Immature RBC that still have nuclei.

Front 43

What happens to reticulocytes after 24h in circulation?

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After 24h in circulation, reticulocytes lose their nuclei and mature into RBC's.

Front 44

Where do reticulocytes come from?

Back 44

Bone marrow normally releases small amounts to replace damaged RBC's. RBC's last 120 days.

Front 45

What happens to RBC's after 120 days?

Back 45

they are broken down by spleen into iron and globulin and bilirubin

Front 46

Normal reticulocyte count?

Back 46

.5 -2.5% of total RBC count

Front 47

Reticulocytosis is?

Back 47

an elevation of reticulocytes seen while bone marrow is stimulated by supplementaion of iron, folate, B12 (after deficiency) and after acute bleeding

Front 48

Does chronic bleeding cause reticulocytosis?

Back 48

No

Front 49

If there is no reticulocytosis after acute bleeding or supplementation, r/o what?

Back 49

Bone marrow failure

Front 50

Deficiency of Serum folate and B12 will cause?

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Macrocytic anemia

Front 51

Normal folate levels?

Back 51

3.1 -17 ng/mL

Front 52

Normal b12 levels?

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>250pg/mL

Front 53

White cell differential?

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Percentage of each type of leukocyte in a sample. Total will = 100%

Front 54

Normal White blood cell count?

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4,500- 10,500 mm3

Front 55

% of Neutrophils or segs (segmented neutrophils)?

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45%-75%

Front 56

Band forms or Stabs (immature neutrophils) % on diff?

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0-5%

Front 57

Lymphocytes % on diff?

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16%-46%

Front 58

Monocytes % on diff?

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4%-11%

Front 59

Eosinophils % on diff?

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0%-8%

Front 60

Basophils % on diff?

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0%-3_

Front 61

High altitude and Hgb?

Back 61

adaptation to oxygen thin air (hypoxic conditions) by bone marrow producing higher levels of circulating Hgb

Front 62

Who may have secondary polycythemia with elevated levels of Hgb/hematocrit as a response by the body to chronic hypoxia?

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Heavy smokers and COPD

Front 63

Anemia defined?

Back 63

decrease in the Hgb/hematocrit value below the norm for patient age and gender

Front 64

Most common type of anemia in the world for all races, ages, and genders?

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Iron deficiency anemia

Front 65

Iron deficiency anemia is? (size & color)

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microcytic and hypochromic

Front 66

Iron deficiency anemia diagnostic tests?

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Ferritin/serum iron decreased
TIBC and RDW increased

Front 67

Red blood cell change with iron deficiency anemia?

Back 67

MCV < 80 (microcytic)
MCHC decreased (hypochromic)
poikilocytosis (variable shapes)
anisocytosis (variable sizes)

Front 68

Thalassemia Minor diagnostic test?

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hemoglobin electrophoresis

Front 69

Red Blood Cell changes with Thalassemia minor?

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MCV < 80 (microcytic)
MCHC decreased (hypochromic)

Front 70

Pernicious Anemia diagnostic test?

Back 70

antiparietal antibodies increased

Front 71

RBC changes with pernicious anemia?

Back 71

MCV > 100 Macrocytic
Megaloblastic RBC's
Normal color (normochromic)

Front 72

folate deficiency anemia diagnostic test?

Back 72

folate level decreased

Front 73

RBC changes with Folate deficiency anemia?

Back 73

MCV > 100 (macrocytic)
Megaloblastic RBC's
Normal color

Front 74

B12 deficiency diagnotics?

Back 74

B12 level decreased
hypersegmented neutrophils

Front 75

B12 deficiency RBC changes?

Back 75

MCV > 100 (macrocytic)
Megaloblastic RBC's
normal color

Front 76

normocytic anemia diagnostic tests?

Back 76

MCV between 80-100
history of chronic inflammatory disease such as RA

Front 77

Sickle Cell anemia diagnostic tests?

Back 77

hemoglobin electrophoresis
hemoglobin S seen

Front 78

Changes in RBC with sickle cell?

Back 78

sickle shaped RBC's w/shortened life span 10-20 days
Target cells
Hemolytic anemia