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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Categorization of hematologic malignancies: Leukemia, Lymphoma
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1. Leukemia: Acute (acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia), Chronic (chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
Lymphoma: Hodgkin's lymphoma (sub-types, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (subtypes) |
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Major features of: leukemia, lymphomas
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1. Leukemia: bone marrow and peripheral blood, Chronic (insidious, less aggressive, more mature cells) or Acute (rapid, aggressive, immature blasts)
2. Lymphoma: no involvement of peripheral blood, arise from discrete mass |
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Lab Evaluation of Hematologic Malignancies: Morphology, Cytochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics
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1. Morphology: identify type of cell
2. Cytochemistry: Stains help to classify lineage of leukemic cell 3. Immunocytochemistry: differentiate between types subtypes (ALL vs AML, different lymphoid malignancies in same lymph node), Flow cytometry, Immunostaining 4. Cytogenetics: look for deletions, translocations, aneuploidy, amplifications by karyotype and FISH 5. Molecular Genetics: detect fusion transcripts/mutations and do lymphocyte clonality testing using PCR and protein electrophoresis |
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Chromosome Aberrations: How they arise, Information they provide, Types, Examples
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1. How They Arise: Random (most), Genotoxic agents
2. Information They Provide: diagnosis, prognosis, response to therapy 3. Types: deletions, translocations, aneuploidy, amplifications (double minutes, homogenously staining regions) Examples: MYC translocations in Burkitt Lymphoma, Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22)) in CML (ABL-BCR), t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (PML-RARA) |
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How can you prove clonality (ie-prove neoplasm over reactive process)?
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1.Acquired clonal cytogenetic abnormality - by karyotype/FISH
2. New fusion gene (ex-Bcr-Abl) - by PCR 3. Kappa or lambda light chain restriction in Bcells - by PCR or protein electrophoresis 4. Ig gene rearrangements in B cells or T cells - PCR or Protein electrophoresis |
