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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Where do all myeloid cells develop?
Marrow
Benefits of bone marrow aspirate
cytology
differential
cells in suspension
benefits of bone marrow biopsy
architecture
pattern of involvement
One way to ID morpholigic differentiation
patterns of protein expression
Low numbers of Clusters of differentiation
T-cell phenotype
Mid teens of Clusters of differentiation
myelomonocytic (CD13,14,15)
19 and early twenties are CDs of what?
B-cell phenotype
CD34 is a marker of what?
stem cells
CD 33 is a marker of what?
myeloid
Sidescatter in flow cytometry is indicative of what?
Complexity
Forward scatter is indicative of what?
size
Which myeloid product has the highest side scatter?
Neutrophils
Two major leukemia categories
acute (rapid and aggressive) and chronic
CML peripheral blood smear findings
numerous immature granulocytes
inc basophils
Bone marrow aspirate findings
hypercellular
inc M:E ratio
Normal to CML bone marrow biopsy
CML has less fat
AML on bone marrow biopsy
more monotonous population
Which has more mature cells, CML or AML?
CML (AML has more blasts)
Which is the actual Philadelphia chromosome?
short 22
How does the starting amount of product affect the RT-PCR?
More starting amount leads to fewer PCR cycles for an amplified amount
Where is the defect of BCR/ABL normally?
pluripotent stem cell (before myeloid and lymphoid progenitor)
If untreated, what can the chronic phase CML lead to?
blast phase
-additional genetic abnormalities
-inc blasts

Can transform to AML and ALL
best way to identify t(9:22) is what?
FISH
Leukemia v. lymphoma
location: leukemia is more peripheral blood and bone marrow
lymphoma is more lymph node/tissue-based (lymphadenopathy)
What often occurs with CLL?
involvement of bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen (white pulp)
Peripheral blood of CLL
usually diagnostic, lymphocytosis
What is present in non-CLL person?
normal kappa and lambda light chains
Classic pattern of CLL
monoclonal, so inc of one of the light chains
What are the diagnostic markers of expression on CLL B-cells?
CD5, CD23
Two markers of more immature CLL cells
Zap-70, CD38 (poorer prognosis, unmutated CLL))
CLL has changes in which chromosomes?
11,12,13

If 17 involved, not good b/c location of p53
Auer rods are seen when?
AML (but only subset of cases)
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts
AML
t(15;17) associated with what?
acute promyelocytic leukemia
Abnormal bone marrow of AML appears like what?
monotonous population of mononuclear cells
Why does APL appear to have granules?
blocked at promyelocytic stage of granulocyte differentiation
What is classically absent in APL?
CD34, HLA-DR (most other blasts express them)
Most common molecular abnormality in AML
FLT3 (associated with poor prognosis)
When does T-cell ALL present?
adolescent with mediastinal mass
bone marrow aspirate of ALL
large cells, open chromatin, prominent nucleoli
Bone marrow biopsy findings of ALL
monotonous population of mononuclear cells
common B-cell ALL cytogenetic findings
Good: hyperdiploid, t(12:21)
Middle: normal
Bad: t(9:22), abn(11q23), hypodiploid