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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where do all myeloid cells develop?
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Marrow
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Benefits of bone marrow aspirate
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cytology
differential cells in suspension |
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benefits of bone marrow biopsy
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architecture
pattern of involvement |
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One way to ID morpholigic differentiation
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patterns of protein expression
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Low numbers of Clusters of differentiation
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T-cell phenotype
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Mid teens of Clusters of differentiation
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myelomonocytic (CD13,14,15)
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19 and early twenties are CDs of what?
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B-cell phenotype
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CD34 is a marker of what?
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stem cells
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CD 33 is a marker of what?
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myeloid
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Sidescatter in flow cytometry is indicative of what?
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Complexity
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Forward scatter is indicative of what?
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size
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Which myeloid product has the highest side scatter?
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Neutrophils
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Two major leukemia categories
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acute (rapid and aggressive) and chronic
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CML peripheral blood smear findings
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numerous immature granulocytes
inc basophils |
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Bone marrow aspirate findings
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hypercellular
inc M:E ratio |
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Normal to CML bone marrow biopsy
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CML has less fat
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AML on bone marrow biopsy
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more monotonous population
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Which has more mature cells, CML or AML?
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CML (AML has more blasts)
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Which is the actual Philadelphia chromosome?
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short 22
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How does the starting amount of product affect the RT-PCR?
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More starting amount leads to fewer PCR cycles for an amplified amount
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Where is the defect of BCR/ABL normally?
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pluripotent stem cell (before myeloid and lymphoid progenitor)
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If untreated, what can the chronic phase CML lead to?
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blast phase
-additional genetic abnormalities -inc blasts Can transform to AML and ALL |
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best way to identify t(9:22) is what?
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FISH
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Leukemia v. lymphoma
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location: leukemia is more peripheral blood and bone marrow
lymphoma is more lymph node/tissue-based (lymphadenopathy) |
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What often occurs with CLL?
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involvement of bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen (white pulp)
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Peripheral blood of CLL
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usually diagnostic, lymphocytosis
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What is present in non-CLL person?
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normal kappa and lambda light chains
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Classic pattern of CLL
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monoclonal, so inc of one of the light chains
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What are the diagnostic markers of expression on CLL B-cells?
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CD5, CD23
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Two markers of more immature CLL cells
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Zap-70, CD38 (poorer prognosis, unmutated CLL))
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CLL has changes in which chromosomes?
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11,12,13
If 17 involved, not good b/c location of p53 |
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Auer rods are seen when?
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AML (but only subset of cases)
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Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts
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AML
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t(15;17) associated with what?
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acute promyelocytic leukemia
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Abnormal bone marrow of AML appears like what?
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monotonous population of mononuclear cells
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Why does APL appear to have granules?
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blocked at promyelocytic stage of granulocyte differentiation
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What is classically absent in APL?
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CD34, HLA-DR (most other blasts express them)
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Most common molecular abnormality in AML
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FLT3 (associated with poor prognosis)
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When does T-cell ALL present?
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adolescent with mediastinal mass
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bone marrow aspirate of ALL
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large cells, open chromatin, prominent nucleoli
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Bone marrow biopsy findings of ALL
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monotonous population of mononuclear cells
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common B-cell ALL cytogenetic findings
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Good: hyperdiploid, t(12:21)
Middle: normal Bad: t(9:22), abn(11q23), hypodiploid |