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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Theory?
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A model used to explain experiences for purpose of predicting future events/ solutions. (increases understanding & synthesises body of knowledge)
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Counseling Theory?
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framework for understanding & predicting human behavior, and set of concepts to explain concerns, actions, percpetions, and motivations of humans.
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Theories of Personality?
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Th. meant to answer specific questions. ex. why do humans behave the way they do?, When does human behavior develop.
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Counseling Theory used for?
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Guideline to explain how humans learn, change, and develop. Attempts to explain how to deal w/ issues, & a plan of action.
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Outcome Research?
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term applied to the investigation of the impact of counseling on clients (did client improve/not improve?)
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What has outcome research found or what does it suggest?
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Eysenck(1966): no client improvement on ave. Truax&Carkhuff(1967): empathy, warmth, & genuineness helped clients make positive changes.
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Adn'l outcome research findings?
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Insight oriented Psychotherapy is most successful with middle and upper middle class or Y.A.V.I.S (young attractive, verbal, intelligent & successful).
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Adn'l outcome research findings?
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Nugent (1994) clients who had therapy were better off than those who did not. Also not everyone improves nor are all therapies equal or one better than another.
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Evaluating outcome literature:
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Corey (1986) sggests caution against drawing hasty conclusions. The question of effectiveness cannot be approached globally but rather specifically (due to unique personality of client).
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What are recovery variables related to?
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Client, Common Factors (i.e. empathy, warmth), Interventions used.
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Attributes of Effective Counselors include? (Note not proven in research)
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Interpersonal skills, concreteness, congruency, empathy, positive regard, immediacy, and respect; self-awareness, open-mindedness, flexibility, objectivity, trustworthyness, persnal integrity.
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Is there one "best" theoretical approach?
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No, Sexton 1999 provided research support that indeed there is not best th. approach, rather "common factors" drive effective counseling.
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Name the "common factors" that can lead to effective counseling as identified by Sexton & Whiston 1994.
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Collaborative counseling relationship, learning, and action (successful experiences).
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Name some counselor variables that affect best practices of counseling
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Skillfulness (competence), cognitive complexity (thinking diversly), and an ability to relate (match w/client). Also ability to assess the problem.
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Grencavage & Norcross 1990 isolated 89 common factors. The 2 most common were?
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Client expectations and a facilitative therapeutic relationship.
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Norcross also found that meeting/matching the client's ______ & ______ are more likely to achieve effective outcomes.
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Needs and Characteristics
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The severity of the client's subjective distress and reduced functioning is?
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The clients level of IMPAIRMENT.
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Name the 5 stages of change
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Precontemplative, contemlplative, preparation, action and maintenance.
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The wellness or positive wellness concept includes:
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health-related activities that are preventative and remedial (Gladding 1996)
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Name Witmer and Sweeney's 5 life tasks that have 11 dimensions of a healthy person:
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Spirituality, self-regulation, work, friendship and love.
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This Psychologist was one of the first Americans interested in the problem of high-level human functioning
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Abraham Maslow
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which classifies human needs into a series of increasingly "higher level motivation", are?
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physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
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Carl Rogers conceptualized the "fully functioning person" as the fully successful client in client-centered therapy. Name 3 characteristics of this hypothetical personality?
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Openness (to his/her experience), Living in an existential way, and Trust (trusting him/her in the th. relationship).
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What is skills training?
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A method to address the needs of populations often not being met by traditional therpies.
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