Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
**When should the neural tube close?**
|
15-28 days post conception (failure to close will result in neural tube defects)
|
|
What is the definition of anencephaly?
|
both cerebral hemispheres are absent, incompatible with life
|
|
What is the most common anomaly associated with spina bifida?
|
hydrocephaly occurs in 80-85% or cases
|
|
How early should spina bifida be closed?
|
24-72 hrs after birth to decrease M&M from serious infection
|
|
Will closure of spina bifida change the physical disability?
|
NO!!! surgery will not change the physical disability
|
|
S&S of hydrocephalus and ICP?
|
Tight and bulging fontanel
Dilated scalp veins High pitched cry Restless **BP goes up, HR down, RR down or irregular with increased ICP** |
|
What must you always assume with a spina bifida baby?
|
NORMAL INTELLECT
|
|
What is frontal bossing?
|
Frontal protrusion of the ehad
|
|
Why would you never give anti-emetics to a baby with hydrocephalus?
|
Vomiting may be the way the body is able to decrease ICP
|
|
**What is the survival rate for hydrocephaly with surgical treatment?**
|
**90% survival and 2/3 are intellectually normal**
|
|
What vaccine has almost eliminated bacterial meningitis?
|
HIB
|
|
How is bacterial meningitis manifested?
|
1. abrupt onset, fever, chills, HA, vomiting, change in sensorium, irritable, agitated, photophobia, confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness, stupor, coma
2. Meningocococcal - purpuric/petechial rash (early may be just in one area-if suspect meningitis must see ALL of the client) 3. Nuchal rigidity 4. Kernig sign (positive) - assess pt. flat on back, bend and then straighten out the leg and they will feel pain in hamstring if it is positive. 5. Brudzinski sign (positive)- assess pt. flat on back, flex neck and assess reflex contractions of hips and knees. 6. Seizures in a child without a seizure disorder is the first sign. 7. Children ages 3 mo. to 2 yrs. (bulging fontanel - MOST significant sign because it's a release for increased ICP; fever; poor feeding; vomit irritable; restless; high pitched cry "neuro cry") 7. Nuchal rigidity, Brudzinski, Kernig - not consistently present in young child less than 18 months 8. Neonates - difficult to diagnose, vague like all neonatal sepsis. They PRESENT with the sign of poor feeding. They also have poor suck, poor muscle tone, hypothermia/fever, resp irreg, apnea, weight loss, irritable, drowsy, bulging fontanel (may or may not appear), neck is usually supple so you will not be looking for rigidity. |
|
Why might bacterial meningitis result in obstructive hydrocephalus?
|
pus is occluding the passages
|
|
**What population has the highest M&M from bacterial meningitis?**
|
Children under 4 years of age
|
|
What must you assume if a baby under 6-8 weeks of age presents with a fever?
|
Since a baby does not have much of an immune system, you must assume they have the worst infection possible
|
|
What adverse effect is associated with many of the antimicrobials used in bacterial meningitis?
|
ototoxicity
|