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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Results from a functional disorder of intestinal motility, segments of peristaltic waves and intesity of propulsion seem affected
Affected by: heredit, depression, anxiety, high fat diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking |
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IBS chronic symptoms
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1. Abdominal pain
2. Alternating diarrhea and constipation 3. No anatomic abnormality |
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IBS Causes
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1. Stess
2. Ingestion of irritants 3. Lactose intolerance 4. Abuse of laxatives 5. Hormonal changes (menstration) |
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Treatment of IBS
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1. Counseling
2. Strict dietary restrictions DO NOT HELP - cause stress 3. Rest 4. If from laxative use, bowel retraining will be needed 5. Teaching - avoid irritants, no dairy, stress maintenence, increase fiber, drink fluids |
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Ulcerative Colitis
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Characterized by diffuse inflammation with edema and shallow mucosal ulceration
- Primarily affects distal colorectal area - sigmoid and descending colon - Can progress to involve entire colon - Scarring decreases elasticity and absorptive properties of colon |
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S/S Ulverative colitis
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1. Classic Symptom = Diarrhea (15-20 stools/day)
2. Stools contain blood, mucous, and cellular exudate 3. Abdominal cramps 4. Fecal incontinence 5. Electrolyte imbalances (Na, K, Ca, bicarb.) |
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Crohn's Disease
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Found most frequently in the proximal colon and ileocecal junction
- Transmural inflammation (involves all layers of intestinal wall and possibly lymph nodes as well) - "skipping" or "cobblestone" effects - Morphologic changes to colon wall that decrease function - Potential for stricture and fistula formation |
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S/S Crohn's disease
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ACUTE:
1. RLQ pain 2. Cramping 3. Tenderness 4. Flatulence 5. Nausea 6. Fever 7. Diarrhea 8. Rarely bleeding CHRONIC: 1. Diarrhea (4-6 stools/day) 2. RLQ pain 3. steatorrhea (fat in stool) 4. Marked weight loss 5. Possible weakness |
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Pharmacological Management of Crohn's Disease
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1. Sulfasalazine (amniosalicylates/ sulfonamide)
2. Corticosteroids 3. Immunosuppressive agents 4. Antibiotics (Flagyl) 5. Vitamin B12 6. Iron dextran complex (InFeD) 7. Antidiarrheals |
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Nursing Management of Crohn's Disease
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1. Dietary restrictions when symptomatic
2. Role of "bowel rest" - TPN 3. Dietary fiber more problematic with Crohn's due to possible stricture formations 4. Post surgical care |
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Nursing Management of Hemorrhoids
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1. Bulk stool softeners
2. Analgesic ointment 3.Sitz bath 4. Ligation 5. Sclerotherapy; ctyotherapy 6. Infrared photocoagulation 7. Laser excision 8. Hemorrhoidectomy |
