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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acromegaly
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increased growth hormone, enlargement of both bone & soft tissues
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Myxedema
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severe hypothyroidism—dull, puffy faces. Hair & eyebrows are dry, coarse, & thinned
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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swelling usually appears first around the eyes & in the morning. Kidney waste proteins
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Cushing’s Syndrome
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increased adrenal hormone production. Round or “moon” face w/red cheeks. Excessive hair growth may be present in the mustache & sideburn areas
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Parotid Gland Enlargement
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Associated w/ obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis
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Parkinson’s Disease
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decreased facial mobility blunt expression. Neck & upper trunk ten to flex forward. Facial skin becomes oily & drooling may occur
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Blind Right Eye
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Lesion of the optic nerve, produces unilateral blindness
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Bitemporal Hemianopsia
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Fibers that are crossing over to the opposite side
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Ptosis
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drooping of the upper lid. Causes—myasthenia gravis, damage of the oculomotor nerve
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Retracted Lid
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retracted eyelids. Causes—hyperthyrodism
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Ex-ophthalmos
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eyeball protrudes forward...Bilateral— infiltrative ophthalmopathy of Graves’ disease, form of hyperthyroidism...Unilateral— tumor or inflammation in the orbit
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Periorbital Edema
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kin of eyelids is loosely attached to underlying tissues
Edema accumulates Caused by allergies, local inflammation, cellulites, myzedema & fluid-retaining states as nephritic syndrome |
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Pinguecula
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yellowish, somewhat triangular nodule in the bulbar conjuctiva on either side of the iris
W/aging, first on the nasal & then temporal side |
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Sty (Acute Hordeolum)
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painful, tender, red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid
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Chalazion
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subactue nontender nodule involving a meibomian gland. Usually points inside the lid rather than margin
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Episcleritis
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localized ocular redness from inflammation of the episcleral vessels
Benign & self-limited Could be nodular |
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Xanthelasma
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slightly raised, yellowish plaques in the skin...Appear along the nasal protion of one or both eyelids
Lipid disorders, but may also occur independently |
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Conjunctivitis
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pink eye)
diffuse dilation of conjunctival vessels w/redness that tends to be maximal peripherally Pain mild Vision not affected except for temporary mild blurring due to discharge Significance bacterial, viral & other infections; allergy; irritation |
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Corneal Injury/Infection
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Dilation of deeper vessels that are visible as radiating vessels or reddish violet fluch around limbus
Pain moderate to severe, superificial Vision usually decreased Significance abrasion & other injuries; bacterial & viral infections |
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Acute Iritis
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Dilation of deeper vessels that are visible as radiating vessels or reddish violet fluch around limbus
Pain moderate, aching, deep Vision decreased Significance ocular & systemic disorders |
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Pterygium
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Triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from nasal side
May interfere with vision as it encroaches upon pupil |
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Anisocoria
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Unequal pupils
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Tonic Pupil
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Adie’s Pupil, Large, regular & usually unilateral
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Oculomotor Nerve Paralysis
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Ptosis of the upper eyelid and lateral deviation
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Horner’s Syndrome
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Affected pupil reacts briskly to light & near effort
Ptosis of the eyelid is present could be with loss of sweating of forehead of the same side Congenital—involved iris is lighter in color than fellow |
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Small Irregular Pupil
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Argyll Robertson Pupils don’t react to light but react to near effort
Usually but always from CNS Syphilis |
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Chondrodermatis Helicis
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chronic inflammatory lesion start as painful, tender papule that is usually on helix but may be on the antihelix
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Cutaneous Cyst
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cyst behind the ear used to be called sebaceous syst.
epidermoid cyst common on the face & neck Pilar cyst common in scalp |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Common in light-skinned people who have been frequently exposed to sunlight
On the helix & raised crusted border with central ulceration seen biopsy to confirm diagnosis |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Raised nodule w/lustrous surface & telangiectatic
Rarely metastasizes Fair-skinned people who been exposed to too much sunlight |
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Tophi
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Deposit of uric acid crystals characteristic of chronic tophaceous gout. Hard nodule in helix or antihelix that may discharge their chalky white crystal thru skin.
Develops only after years of sustained high bloodlevels of uric acid. |
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Keloid
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Firm, nodular, hypertrophic mass of scar tissue that extends beyond the area of injury.
It may develop in scarred area, common on shoulders & upper chest. Darker skinned people more prone. |
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Rheumatoid Nodules
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pt w/chronic arthritis or more small lumps on helix or antihelix. Ulceration may result from repeated small injuries. Antedate the arthritis
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Tympanosclerosis
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Chalky white patch with irregular margins
Hyaline material within the layers of the tympanic membrane that sometimes follows severe episode of otitis media impairs hearing |
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Serous Effusion
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Viral upper respiratory infections
Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure from flying or diving Eustachian tube can’t equalize the air pressure in the middle ear w/that of the outside air moveable bubbles |
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Acute Otitis Media w/Purulent Effusion
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Purulent effusion
Symptoms-earache, fever & hearing loss Drum is bulging & landmarks obscured the drum could rupture & purulent material could go into the ear canal most common in kids |
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Bullous Myringitis
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Viral infection characterized b painful hemorrhagic vesicles
Symptoms-earache, blood-tinged discharge from ear & hearing loss of conductive type immoveable bubbles |
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Conductive Hearing Loss
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disorder of the external or middle ear impairs the conduction of sound to the inner ear;
Minor distortions of sound The patient’s own voice tends to be soft. Most often develops in childhood & young adulthood up to age 40. The ear canal and drum usually has a visible abnormality except in otosclerosis |
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Sensorineural Hearing loss
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disorder of the inner ear the cochlear nerve or it central connections impairs the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain
Distortion or word sounds often present as upper tones of words are disproportionately lost In noisy environ it worsens Patient’s own voice may be loud Develops most often in the middle or later year There is no problem visible |
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Herpes Simplex
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produces recurrent & painful vesicular eruptions of the lips & surrounding skin
Small cluster of vesicle first develops Heals 10-14 days |
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Angular Cheilitis
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softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth followed by fissuring
May be due to nutritional deficiency or more commonly to overclosure of the mouth as in pts w/o teeth or w/ill-fitting dentures Saliva wets & macerates the infolded skin leadingto secondary infection w/ Candida |
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Carcinoma of the Lip
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affects the lower lip
My be scaly plaque as an ulver w/ or w/o crust or nodular lesion |
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Angioedema
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diffuse, nonpitting, tense swelling of the dermis and subcuatenous tissue
Develops rapidly & typically disappears over subsequent hours or days Usually allergic in nature & sometimes-associated w/hives, it doesn’t itch |
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Chancre of Syphilis
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appear on the lip rather than on the genitalia
Firm, buttonlike lesion that ulcerates & may become crusted May resemble a carcinoma or crusted cold sore Is infectious |
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Hereditary hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
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multiple small red spots on the lips
May be visible on the face & hands and in the mouth Spots are dilated capillaries & may bleed when traumatized Affected people often have nosebleeds & GI bleeding |
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
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pigmented spot on the lips more prominent than freckling of the surround skin
Pigment in the buccal mucosa Multiple intestinal polyps associated that turn into cancer |
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Pharyngitis
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complain of sore throat or at least scratchy
From several kinds of viruses & bacteria Group A Streptococci & Epstein-Barr virus No fever, exudates, or enlargement of cervical lymph nodes, chance of infection by either |
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Exudative Tonsillitis
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red throat w/white exudates on the tonsils
Group A Streptococcal infection aka infectious mononucleosis This with fever and enlarged cervical nodes |
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Diphtheria
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Dull red & gray exudates present on uvula, pharynx & tongue Airway may become obstructed |
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Thrush on the Palate (Candidiasis)
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yeast infection from Candida
Thick, white plaques adherent to the underlying muscosa Predisposing factors—prolonged treatment w/antibiotic or corticosteroids or AIDS |
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Kaposi’s Sarcoma in AIDS
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deep purple color of lesions
May be raised or flat W/AIDS pts |
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Fordyce Spots
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normal sebaceous glands that appear as small yellowish spots in the buccal mucosa or on the lips
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Petechiae
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small red spots that result when blood escapes from capillaries into the tissues
In buccal mucosa often caused by accidentally biting the cheek Oral petechiae may be due to infection or decreased platelets too |
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Leukoplakia
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thickened white patch in the oral mucosa
The irritation can lead to cancer—seen in those that chew |
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Marginal gingivitis
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among teenagers & young adults
Gingival margins reddened & swollen & interdental papillae are blunted, swollen and red Brushing teeth makes the gums bleed Plaque not visible |
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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
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occurs suddenly in adolescents & young adults accompanied by fever, malaise, and enlarge lymph nodes
Develop in the interdental papillae Necrotizing process spread along the gum margins when grayish pseudomembrane develops Red, painful gums bleed easily Foul breath |
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Chronic Gingivitis & Peridontitis
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inflammation of the deeper tissues that normally hold teeth in place
Attachment b/w gums & teeth gradually destroyed, gum margins recede & teeth eventually loosen Calculus—calcified plaque, cream-colored deposits on the teeth |
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Gingival Hyperplasia
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gums enlarged by hyperplasia are swollen into heaped0up masses that may cover teeth
Redness of inflam may coexist Caused by Dilantin therapy (seizure therapy), puberty, pregnancy, & leukemia |
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Prgnanacy Tumor
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gingival enlargement may be localized, forming tumor like mass that usually originates in interdental papilla
Red & soft & usually bleeds easily |
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Lead Lines
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Bluish-black line on the gums signal chronic lead poisoning
Line is about 1 mm from the gum margin |
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Dental caries
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chalky white area in enamel surface of tooth
May turn brown/black, soft, & cavitate |
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Hutchinson’s Teeth
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smaller & more widely space than norm & notched on their biting surfaces
Sides of teeth taper toward the biting edges Upper central incisors of permanent teeth most often affect Sign of Congenital syphilis |
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Hairy Tongue
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“hair” is elongated papillae on the dorsum of the tongue
Yellowish to brown/black May follow antibiotic therapy but may also occur spontaneously w/o known cause |
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Geographic Tongue
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scattered smooth red areas that are denuded of papillae
Give maplie pattern that changes over time Unknown cause benign condition |
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Smooth Tongue
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smooth & sore tongue that has lost its papillae Deficiency in Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic acid, Vit B12, Pyridoxine or Iron
Could be from anticancer drugs |
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Hairy leukoplakia
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whitish raised areas that have feathery or corrugate pattern
Areas can’t be scarped off Sides of tongue most affected Seen in HIV infectiosn & AIDS |
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Candidiasis
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thick white coat on tongue due to Candida infection
Raw red surface is left where the coat scrpaed off May also cause redness of tongue w/o white coat AIDS,predisposes to the this condition |
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Aphthous Ulcer(canker sore)
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painful, small, round or oval ulcer that is white or yellowish gray & surrounded by halo of reddened mucosa
Single of multi heal 7-10 days |
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Leukoplakia
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perisiting painless white patch in the oral mucosa
Raises possibility of malignant chance |
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Mucous Patch of Syphilis
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painless lesion in the secondary stage of syphilis & highly infectious
Slightly raised, oval & covered by grayish membrane |
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Carcinoma, Floor of Mouth
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sides of the tongue
Erythroplakia—reddened area of mucosa; possible malignancy |
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Diffuse Enlarge Thyroid
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includes the isthmus & lateral lobes
No palpable nodules Caused by Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis & endemic goiter |
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Multinodular Goiter
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enlarged thyroid gland that contains 2 or more identifiable nodules
Mulit suggest metabolic rather than neoplastic process Irradiation during childhood, pos fam history, enlarged cervical nodes or continuing enlargement of one of the nodules raise the suspicion of malignancy |
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Single Nodule
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may be a cyst, benign tumor or 1 nodule w/in multi nodular gland
Raises ? of malignancy Prior irradiation, hardness, rapid growth, fixation to surrounding tissue, enlarged cervical nodes increase the probability of malignancy |
