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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Root
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Three consonants called "radicals"
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Pattern
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combination of the radicals with various vowels, prefixes and/or suffixes
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qṭl
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model root
q - first radical ṭ - second radical l - third radical |
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Root types
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1. roots tending to have the same radicals tend to behave the same way
2. roots are classified according to their type |
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Geminate
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root types where the second and third radicals are the same
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Weak radicals
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more susceptible to change than other radicals
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Weak root
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a root with a weak radical
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Middle weak
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a root that has a weak radical in the second position
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Doubly weak
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a root type with two weak radicals
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Nun assimilation
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1. usually occurs when it is the first radical
2. immediately before another C without intervening v 3. nun is assimilated and C after is doubled 4. if the C after is a guttural or ר compensatory lengthening or virtual doubling occurs |
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Gutturals
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1. prefer a-vowels
2. take composite sewas 3. cannot take dagesh |
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Resh
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-cannot take dagesh
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Compensatory lengthening
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-a function of gutturals and ר not being able to take the dagesh
-the vowel immediately preceding 1. ַ > ָ 2. ִ > ֵ 3. ֻ > ֹ |
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Virtual doubling
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-for gutturals
-no marker of doubling found, but-doubling is expected -essentially do nothing |
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Initial waw of word
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-with very few exceptions, waw cannot stand at the beginning of a word
-words that appear in other Semitic languages with initial waw typically appear in Hebrew with initial yod -in dictionaries, original I-Waw roots are listed as I-Yod |
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Non-initial waw of word
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-normally remains unchanged
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Original dipthong *aw
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1. when stressed becomes āwe (with stress on ā); w is a consonant
2. when unstressed becomes ô; w is then a matre |
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Original dipthong *ay
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1. when stressed becomes áyi (with stress on ā); y is a consonant
2. when unstressed becomes ê; y is then a matre |
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The radicals ו / י may:
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1. Be retained as a consonant
2. Be “vowelized” 3. Disappear altogether |
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Words ending in -eh בֶה
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Are always III-w/y
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Where ו or י is the second radical…
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the ו or י may appear as a mater
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In the medial position, *w/y
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may disappear
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Initial Waw...
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may disappear and the word only shows two consonants
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Prefixed noun markers
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מ תּ א
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Originally III-Waw / Yod
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-in standard dictionaries and grammars, such roots are classified as III-He
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