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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Root
Three consonants called "radicals"
Pattern
combination of the radicals with various vowels, prefixes and/or suffixes
qṭl
model root
q - first radical
ṭ - second radical
l - third radical
Root types
1. roots tending to have the same radicals tend to behave the same way
2. roots are classified according to their type
Geminate
root types where the second and third radicals are the same
Weak radicals
more susceptible to change than other radicals
Weak root
a root with a weak radical
Middle weak
a root that has a weak radical in the second position
Doubly weak
a root type with two weak radicals
Nun assimilation
1. usually occurs when it is the first radical
2. immediately before another C without intervening v
3. nun is assimilated and C after is doubled
4. if the C after is a guttural or ר compensatory lengthening or virtual doubling occurs
Gutturals
1. prefer a-vowels
2. take composite sewas
3. cannot take dagesh
Resh
-cannot take dagesh
Compensatory lengthening
-a function of gutturals and ר not being able to take the dagesh
-the vowel immediately preceding
1. ַ > ָ
2. ִ > ֵ
3. ֻ > ֹ
Virtual doubling
-for gutturals
-no marker of doubling found, but-doubling is expected
-essentially do nothing
Initial waw of word
-with very few exceptions, waw cannot stand at the beginning of a word
-words that appear in other Semitic languages with initial waw typically appear in Hebrew with initial yod
-in dictionaries, original I-Waw roots are listed as I-Yod
Non-initial waw of word
-normally remains unchanged
Original dipthong *aw
1. when stressed becomes āwe (with stress on ā); w is a consonant
2. when unstressed becomes ô; w is then a matre
Original dipthong *ay
1. when stressed becomes áyi (with stress on ā); y is a consonant
2. when unstressed becomes ê; y is then a matre
The radicals ו / י may:
1. Be retained as a consonant
2. Be “vowelized”
3. Disappear altogether
Words ending in -eh בֶה
Are always III-w/y
Where ו or י is the second radical…
the ו or י may appear as a mater
In the medial position, *w/y
may disappear
Initial Waw...
may disappear and the word only shows two consonants
Prefixed noun markers
מ תּ א
Originally III-Waw / Yod
-in standard dictionaries and grammars, such roots are classified as III-He