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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Canon |
The term canon, meaning "rule" or "measuring stick" in greek, refers to the corpus of biblical books viewed as sacred Scripture. The canon of the Hebrew Bible, which consists of twenty-four books, emerged gradually over time and attained its final form in the first century CE. The Christian Old Testament includes the same content, but in a slightly different arrangement. Tripartite canon: Torah (instruction 450 BCE), Nevi'im (Prophets, before 190 BCE), Keturim (writings, 2nd century CE). |
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Enuma Elish |
Not meant to be a scientific creation story Purpose to extoll babylon's role Was popular at a high point of the Babylonian kingdom (c 1100 BCE). It recounts the ascendency of Marduk as King of the divine council after defeating Tiamat (watery chaos). Marduk then creates the world, humans, and receives a temple in Babylon. Apsu and Tiamat primordial gods (apsu creates Tiamat originally) Differences in human authority between genesis and the Enuma Elish. Enuma Elish has a much lower view of human agency. Cities are created specifically. |
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Atrahasis |
An old Babylonian myth of creation and flood (c 1700 BCE). Anthropomorphic deities represent spheres of the natural world and meet in council to achieve balance. Conflicts arise because of labor and population. Enki helps Atrahasis, the flood hero, avoid multiple divine destructions. Compare to noah flood story Adapted in the epic of Gilgamesh Dismantle his house and create a boat Begins with Theoginy (story about the creation of the GOd) Noise annoys god Enlil Enki, god, tries to foil the destruction Animals loaded onto the arc two by two Etiological elements: Why some women cannot bear children, to curb the population. Don't have too many children. |
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Amarna Letters |
Letters from vassals in Canaan to the Egyptian court, in the time of Akhenaten.
Found in the city of Amarna in upper Egypyt Important to the Revolt Hypothesis. Social world of syria/palestine The Amarna letters date from a time more than a century before the usual date for the exodus, so they cannot be taken as referring to upheavals caused by the emergence of Israel. But conditions in Canaan probably did not change very much over a century or so. Mendenhall suggested that the Israelites who had escaped from Egypt made common cause with disaffected Canaanites. Israel was not originally an ethnic group but the union of people fleeing oppression, who joined together in the worship of the liberator in the worship of the liberator god YHWH. This revolt hypothesis was developed further by Norman Gottwald. Exodus story paints it as there being a huge amount of Israelites, destroying all of the canaanites. Amarna letters prove that it exodus was not historical. Israelites not a distinct ethnic groups. In acadian. Middle of the 14th cent. BC Hard to tell who is the oppressed/oppressor Provides an alternative view of the exodus. Pg. 119 |
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Tiamat |
Chaos. Killed by Marduk. Body made into the heavens and the earth. |
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Ugarit |
Modern Ras Shamra, in northern Syria, where important tablets were discovered in 1929. Gods in Ugaritic texts : El, Baal, Anat, etc. Best representatives we have of canaanite religion in the 2nd 1/2 of the first millennium. "El" was the common name for God in the E source. |
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J source |
Julius Wellhausen (Documentary hypothesis) Oldest 10th Cent BCE Yawist Folsky narrative stype immanent anthropomorphic god Southern Judean Aware of the Davidic monarchy expresses concern with nationhood Gen, 2 creation narrative, Exodus Basic Theology What human's have is divine gift/grace from God Sin comes from humans trying to bypass god's grace and receive blessings for themselves Ex. Tower of Babel Adam and eve God's provision is better than what humans could ever get for themselves God's initiative alone brings good things Crisis->God's provision in response to it Perhaps a response to a selfconscious nation under david |
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E source |
Wellhausen 9th cent northern source more formal writing style concerned with prophetic voice God is remote, transcendent and communicates through dreams and prophets any time God speaks directly to humans, humans are terrified Ex. Moses's burning bush God's backside "ass theology" Composed after the split in monarchy God's leadership is through Charismatics/prophets who are ordained by God Ex. moses Basic theological argument Humans have to accept the promise of God and respond There is RESPONSE involved Tension between theology of grace and theology of obedience |
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Eve (Yawwah) |
Hawwa means "Life" The mother of all life (Gen 3:20), is the primordial first woman in the J creation story. Fashioned from Adam's rib, she is Adam's partner with a close bond. Eve converses with a crafty snake about a command from YHWH she did not hear first hand. After eating forbidden fruit, she is expelled and cursed to experience pain in childbirth and to be ruled by her husband. Celebrated as the very substance of his being Ezer kenegdo means a helper corresponding to him "Consructed" Banal, by YHWH (Etiology) "Wordplay" 'issa vs 'is |
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Image of God (Gen 1) |
Selem means Image Used only 3 times in the Pentateuch Used for physical representation (Statue, reflection) Human beings stand for God's presence on earth Extremely high view of human kind not only there to be servants, but there to rule in God's will Adam means red/brown, also plural (male/female) |
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Ehyeh asher ehyeh |
Exodus Ch 3:14 Divine name play, Moses asks for name before reveal in Exodus 6 I am who I am/I am what I am/I will be whoever I will be |
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Mishneh Hattorah |
Hebrew name for deuteronomy The second giving of the torah Presented as a sermon my moses The law had already been given A rehashing The book is associated with a revelation on what the E source calls Mt Horeb |
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"Knowledge of Good and Bad" |
Independence Autonomy Presence of Mind Nuanced relationship between god and adam Under divine charge Permission/Prohibition Snake re-represents as "open eyes" sightednedd is a kind of death? Punished? Godlessness/disgrace Pitiful resilience Deut 1:39 2 Sam 19:35 Isa 7:15 I Kings 3:9 Ibn Ezra: The text never claims initial immortality, humans initially mortal, sought immortality |
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Ban (Herem) |
a law attributed to God that stipulated all those conquered in battle were to be killed and their property burned. The herem plays a prominent role in the book of Joshua but is also known outside of Israel, such as in the Mesh a stela. Rather than providing a factual report of ancient battles, the herem portrays warfare in ritualistic and sacrificial terms. |
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Suzerain Treaty |
Sitz im leben Form Criticism Features ----> Compare to Deuteronomy Preamble -----------------------------> 1:1 -4:44 -Suzerain identifies himself -Suzerain recounts the deeds of benevolence Stipulations ---------------------------> 4:45 -28:68 - Demand that the vassal pledge absolute loyalty to the suzerain and not recognize the sovereignty of any other lords -Other demands Formalization of the treaty---> Missneh Hattora (written down, preserved to read) - copies of the treaty be made and preserved - Document to be read publicly Witnesses ---------> Heavens and earth invoked (32) Sanctions -----------------------------> Ch 30-31. 33-34 -Blessings and Curses |
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Call Narrative |
vision/theophany explanation of the event divine commission hesitation regarding the call divine reassurance sign |
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Dtr1 |
Josianic Edition -The bulk of deuteronomistic history - a piece of Josianic propaganda - return to Judah, Jerusalem - asserting ancient claims of Davidic dynasty - No hint that hope in the house of David would fail, except for Manasseh - no persistent faith of northern kings - only with Manasseh, F- - Manassah was appended. |
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Dtr2 |
Exilic Edition - Tried to explain why Jerusalem was destroyed, despite the reign of Josiah - Still YHWH did not turn from the fierceness of his great wrath - Theme of manasseh's abominations (2 Kgs 21): The southern equivalent of "the sins of Jeroboam" - Appended to the history (Dtr1) - Explains why Judah fell despite Josiah (2 Kgs 23:25-27) |
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The Shema |
Deuteronomy 6:4-9 Hear O Israel, YHWH is our God, YHWH is alone, and you shall love YHWH your God with all your heart/mind, and with all your being/life, and with all your wherewithal, 6 And these things which I am charging you today shall be on your heart/mind. 7And you shall hone them for your children, and you shall speak them when you stay in your house and when you go on the way, and when you lie down and when you get up. 8 And you shall bind them as a sign upon your hand and they shall be to you as a frontlet between your eyes 9 and you shall write them upon the doorposts of your house and on your gateways.” (CLSV) Heart is actually - your heart mind, the cognitive center of human beingsheart- a seat of intellect all of man’s cognitive resources Soul is actually Nephesh: a somatic termoriginally “throat” the most basic organ needed for survivalLife- one’s vital being, all that makes one alivebeing mindactually your throat, your life force what is vital to your being rooted to the body rather than greek soul Me’od typically translated here as “strength” or “might”most frequently means “very”, veriness basic meaning - muchness, abundance, utmost, wherewithal Hone typically translated as “repeat”(nowhere else has this meaning)“to whet, sharpen” |
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Former Prophets |
The books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings (=the Deuteronomistic History-”DH”; see answer to Q2 for more info. on DH) First portion of the Nevi’im |
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Toledot-Formula |
The repetitive use of the word “toledot”/descendents,generations in Genesis; has the concept of birth or to physically come into being; a key to understand the structure of Genesis. the toledot formula is a heading and functions to narrow the focus from a universal context to Israel in particular. The formula provides cohesion and continuity in the narrative, while alerting the reader to new material that is taken up in the section that follows. |