Heart Practice Test

Front 1

1) Purkinje fibers.

Back 1

e

Front 2

2) SA node.

Back 2

a

Front 3

3) AV bundle.

Back 3

c

Front 4

4) AV node.

Back 4

b

Front 5

5) Bundle branches.

Back 5

d

Front 6

6) Atrial depolarization.

Back 6

a

Front 7

7) Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta.

Back 7

d

Front 8

8) Ventricular repolarization.

Back 8

e

Front 9

9) Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.

Back 9

e

Front 10

10) Ventricular fibrillation.

Back 10

d

Front 11

11) Second-degree heart block

Back 11

c

Front 12

12) Junctional rhythm.

Back 12

b

Front 13

13) Normal sinus rhythm.

Back 13

a

Front 14

14) The inner lining of the heart.

Back 14

endocardium

Front 15

15) Heart muscle.

Back 15

myocardium

Front 16

16) Serous layer covering the heart muscle.

Back 16

epicardium

Front 17

17) The outermost layer of the serous pericardium.

Back 17

parietal layer

Front 18

18) The pacemaker of the heart.

Back 18

SA node

Front 19

19) Found in the interventricular septum.

Back 19

AV bundle

Front 20

20) Network found in the ventricular myocardium.

Back 20

Purkinje fibers

Front 21

21) The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed.

Back 21

AV node

Front 22

22) Prevents back flow into the left ventricle.

Back 22

aortic valve

Front 23

23) Prevents back flow into the right atrium.

Back 23

tricuspid valve

Front 24

24) Prevents back flow into the left atrium.

Back 24

mitral valve

Front 25

25) Prevents backflow into the right ventricle

Back 25

pulmonary valves

Front 26

26) AV valve with two flaps.

Back 26

mitral valve

Front 27

27) AV valve with three flaps

Back 27

tricuspid valve

Front 28

28) Tricuspid valve.

Back 28

b

Front 29

29) Mitral valve

Back 29

d

Front 30

30) Right atrium.

Back 30

a

Front 31

31) Left ventricle.

Back 31

e

Front 32

32) Pulmonary veins

Back 32

c

Front 33

33) Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen

Back 33

ischemia

Front 34

34) Death of heart muscle cells

Back 34

infarction

Front 35

35) A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.

Back 35

fibrillation

Front 36

36) An abnormal pacemaker

Back 36

ectopic focus

Front 37

37) Total heart relaxation

Back 37

quiescent period

Front 38

1) The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

tf

Back 38

true

Front 39

2) Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle. tf

Back 39

false

Front 40

3) Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle. tf

Back 40

true

Front 41

4) Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues. tf

Back 41

true

Front 42

5) Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue. tf

Back 42

true

Front 43

6) The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right. tf

Back 43

true

Front 44

7) Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase in heart rate and aweakened heart. tf

Back 44

true

Front 45

8) Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole. tf

Back 45

false

Front 46

9) Trabeculae carneae are found in the ventricles and never the atria. tf

Back 46

true

Front 47

10) The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic valves tf

Back 47

false

Front 48

11) Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons. tf

Back 48

false

Front 49

12) The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the AV valve flaps. tf

Back 49

false

Front 50

13) An ECG provides direct information about valve function. tf

Back 50

false

Front 51

14) As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve. tf

Back 51

true

Front 52

15) Proxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of atrial contractions with little pause between them. tf

Back 52

true

Front 53

1) Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

Back 53

closure of the heart valves

Front 54

2) Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

Back 54

ventricles are in diastole

Front 55

3) Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.

Back 55

a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

Front 56

4) The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________.

Back 56

pump blood with greater pressure

Front 57

5) Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.

Back 57

AV node

Front 58

6) The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

Back 58

atrial depolarization

Front 59

7) Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

Back 59

left atrium

Front 60

8) Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the ________.

Back 60

papillary muscle

Front 61

9) The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused bythe transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

Back 61

angina pectoris

Front 62

10) To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________.

Back 62

second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

Front 63

11) The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.

Back 63

coronary arteries

Front 64

12) The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it________.

Back 64

pumps blood against a greater resistance

Front 65

13) Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?

Back 65

skin color

Front 66

14) Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart?

Back 66

thinning of the valve flaps

Front 67

15) If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from________.

Back 67

decreased delivery of oxygen

Front 68

16) If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells ________.

Back 68

tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action

Front 69

17) Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.

Back 69

causing threshold to be reached more quickly

Front 70

18) If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.

Back 70

the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

Front 71

19) Foramen ovale ________.

Back 71

connects the two atria in the fetal heart

Front 72

20) Which vessel of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?

Back 72

pulmonary trunk

Front 73

21) Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?

Back 73

both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 74

22) Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

Back 74

AV valve

Front 75

23) The tricuspid valve is closed ________.

Back 75

when the ventricle is in systole

Front 76

24) When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by________.

Back 76

noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

Front 77

25) Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

Back 77

The AV valves are supported by chordae tendinae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.

Front 78

26) Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.

Back 78

The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.

Front 79

27) Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

Back 79

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

Front 80

28) Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.

Back 80

has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

Front 81

29) During the period of ventricular filling ________.

Back 81

blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles

Front 82

30) The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Back 82

) isovolumetric relaxation

Front 83

31) The time of day most hazardous for heart attacks is ________.

Back 83

morning

Front 84

32) If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.

Back 84

threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

Front 85

33) Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

Back 85

A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.

Front 86

34) During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.

Back 86

some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of largeramounts of calcium from intracellular stores

Front 87

35) Isovolumetric contraction ________.

Back 87

refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closedchambers

Front 88

36) Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________.

Back 88

relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when theheart is repolarizing

Front 89

1) The enlarged coronary vessel outside the heart that empties blood into the right atrium is the________.

Back 89

coronary sinus

Front 90

2) What structure in the fetal heart allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium?

Back 90

foramen ovale

Front 91

3) The ECG T wave interval represents ________.

Back 91

ventricular repolarization

Front 92

4) CO = ________ × SV.

Back 92

heart rate

Front 93

5) The ________ membrane covers the heart.

Back 93

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Front 94

6) The ________ valve of the heart has three valves with chordae tendineae.

Back 94

tricupid

Front 95

7) The ________ and ________ valves of the heart have no chordae tendineae attached

Back 95

aortic

pulmonary

Front 96

8) Define systole and diastole. Which heart chambers are usually referenced when these terms are used?

Back 96

systole is contraction of the muscle. Diastole is relaxation of the muscle. the contraction and relaxation of the ventricles are normally describe with the terms systole and diastole

Front 97

9) Define the terms end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV) and relate them to the calculation of stroke volume.

Back 97

EDv is the amount of blood tht collects uin a ventricle during diastole. ESV is the volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after it has contracted. Stroke volume equals EDV-ESV

Front 98

10) What is the difference between the auricles and the atria?

Back 98

auricles are the flap like appendages attached to the atria that increase the atrial volume. The atria are receiving chambers for blood to the heart from the pulmonary and systematic circulation.

Front 99

11) The heart is called a "double pump" because there are two functionally separate circulations.Trace the pathway of each of these circulations and include the following information: heart chambers involved, major blood vessels involved, and general areas through which the blood flows. Begin with the right atrium.circuit pump).

Back 99

right atrium to right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to lungs (pulmonary circuit pump); pulmonary veins to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta to body tissues to vena cavae (Systematic circuit pump)

Front 100

12) What two important functions does the cardiac conduction system perform?

Back 100

The important functions of the cardiac conduction system are to initiate impulses (pacemaker) and to distribute impulses throughout the heart so that it depolarizes and contracts in an orderly, sequential manner.

Front 101

13) Explain autorhythmicity in cardiac muscle cells.

Back 101

autorhythmic cells do not maintain a stable resting membrane potential. Instead, they have an unstable resting potential that continuously depolarizes, drifting toward threshold for firing. these spontaneously changing membrane potentials, called pacemaker potentials, initiate the action potentials that trigger the heart's rhythmic contractions.

Front 102

14) Why is oxygen so much more critical to the heart muscle than to skeletal muscles?

Back 102

cardiac muscle cells are highly dependent on oxygen and rely almost exclusively on aerobic respiration. Thus, they cannot incur in much oxygen debt. when there is a forced switch to anaerobic respiration,lactic acid and rising H+ levels impair heart function

Front 103

15) What is the functional importance of the intercalated discs of cardiac muscle? What is the functional importance of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Back 103

intercalated discs contain anchoring desmosomes that prevent cell seperation, and gapjunctions that allow ions to travel from cell to cell, transmitting current across the entire heart. The fibrous skeleton acts both as a tendon and an insertion, giving the cardiac cells something to pull or exert their force on

Front 104

16) What is bradycardia?

Back 104

bradycardia is a heart rate slower than 60 beats per min

Front 105

17) Why is fibrosis of the cardiac muscle serious?

Back 105

with fibrosis the heart muscle stiffens and is unable to fill the atria as it once did; therefor less blood is pumped. Further, as the muscle stiffens it takes more energy to expel bolus of blood from the heart, which will eventually weaken the heart

Front 106

1) A 14-year-old girl undergoing a physical examination prior to being admitted to summer camp was found to have a loud heart diastolic murmur at the second intercostal space to the left side of the sternum. Explain the reason for the loud heart murmur associated with this girl's condition.

Back 106

the heart murmur is due to incomplete closing of the pulmonary valve

Front 107

2) A man enters the hospital complaining of chest pain. His history includes smoking, a stressful job, a diet heavy in saturated fats, lack of exercise, and high blood pressure. Although he is not suffering from a heart attack, his doctor explains to him that a heart attack is quite possible. What did the chest pain indicate? Why is this man a prime candidate for a heart attack?

Back 107

.his symptoms indicate angina pectoris, possibly due to either atherosclerosis or stress induced spasms of the coronary arteries. If the arteries are occluded (artherosclerosis) the heart muscle could be deprived of blood, and therefore oxygen. A heart attack could occur if the coronary vessels experience further occlusion.

Front 108

3) An older woman complains of shortness of breath and intermittent fainting spells. Her doctor runs various tests and finds that the AV node is not functioning properly. What is the suggested treatment?

Back 108

suggested treatment is surgery to implant an artificial pacemaker

Front 109

4) An angiocardiogram was performed on an infant who had symptoms of breathlessness and it was found that he had a patent ductus arteriosus. Discuss the location and function of the ductusarteriosus in the fetus and relate it to the reason for the infant's breathlessness.

Back 109

the ductus arterious is a shunt between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta i the fetus, which normally closes at birth. Breathlessness is due to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygeated blood because the connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk remains slightly open.

Front 110

5) A patient takes a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually for chest pain. Nitroglycerin acts directly on smooth muscle, producing relaxation and vessel dilation. How would this relieve chest pain?

Back 110

angina pectoris is thoracic pain caused by a fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium, with resulting decreased oxygen being delivered to the cells. Because nitroglycerin acts as a vasodilator, blood flow is increased, promoting the delivery of oxygen to the cells.

Front 111

6) A patient was admitted to the hospital with chest pains. On admission, his pulse was 110 and blood pressure was 96/64. According to his history, his normal pulse rate is usually between 80and 88 and his blood pressure runs from 120/70 to 130/80. Explain why these changes in BP andHR occur.

Back 111

increased heart rate without maintaining his normal blood pressure is suggestive of reduced stroke volume. Both a drop in blood volume and a weakened heart could cause this, but the chest pains suggest heart damage. Failure of compensating mechanisms to maintain blood pressure suggest a serious decline in cardiac output

Front 112

7) A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with heart failure. He complains of increasing shortness of breath on exertion and needing to sleep on three pillows at night. On physical assessment, the nurse determines that his ankles and feet are very swollen. Which of these symptoms reflect left-sided heart failure and which reflect right-sided heart failure?

Back 112

bc the heart is a double pump, each side can initially fail independently of each other. If the left side fails pulmonary congestion occurs. The right side of the heart continues to propel blood to the lungs but the left side does not adequately eject the returning blood into the systematic circulation. Thus, blood vessels in the lungs come juST READ THE REST

Front 113

8) Asystole is the total absence of ventricular electrical activity. Explain why defibrillation would not be effective in this situation.

Back 113

Defibrilation is accomplished by electrically shocking the heart, which interrupt chaotic twitching by depolarizing the entire myocardium. In this case, the ventricles are at a total standstill and defibrillation would not be effective

Front 114

9) A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker to prevent angina (chest pain), by decreasing the demand for oxygen. Explain why.

Back 114

by preventing the influx of calcium ions into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, calcium channel blockers inhibit the intracellular release of additional stores of calcium ions. A drug that inhibits the release of intracellular calcium ions decreases the force of myocardial contractility, thereby decreasing the oxygen demand.