Heart Physio Part B

Front 1

Which parts of the heart pump deoxygenated blood?

Back 1

Right atrium to right ventricle

Front 2

Which parts of the heart involve oxygenated blood?

Back 2

Left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

Front 3

Strongest chamber of the heart is:

Back 3

Left ventricle

Front 4

Arteries are contracted by what muscle?

Back 4

Smooth

Front 5

Veins are contracted by what muscles?

Back 5

Skeletal and smooth

Front 6

Describe systematic and pulmonary circulation?

Back 6

Systematic: pumps oxygenated blood away from the heart and then becomes deoxygenated and goes back to the right side of the heart

Pulmonary: pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs to become oxygenated and then pumps to the rest of the body

Front 7

Arteries are under a _________ than veins.

Back 7

Higher

Front 8

Blood volume in arteries and veins are called:

Back 8

A: stressed volume

V: unstressed volume

Front 9

Which part of the blood system has the highest proportion?

Back 9

Veins

Front 10

Which blood vessel has the highest resistance?

Back 10

Arterioles

Front 11

Resistance of arterioles is controlled by:

Back 11

ANS

Front 12

Which arterioles contain alpha-1 adrenergic receptors?

Back 12

Renal, splanchnic, skin

Hint 12

Three different places

Front 13

Which arterioles contain beta-1 adrenergic receptors?

Back 13

Skeletal muscle

Front 14

Blood flow velocity depends on two factors:

Back 14

Blood flow

Cross-sectional area, capillary arterioles

Front 15

Formula for velocity blood flow:

Back 15

V = Q/A

Front 16

Which artery has the highest velocity blood flow?

Back 16

Aorta

Front 17

Low velocity blood flow in capillaries help with:

Back 17

Gas exchange

Front 18

Blood flow is determined by what two factors:

Back 18

Pressure and total peripheral resistance

Front 19

How is blood flow related to resistance?

Back 19

Increased blood flow when there's decreased resistance; vice versa

Front 20

Resistance of blood vessels rely on three factors:

Back 20

Length of the blood vessel, radius of vessel, viscosity

Front 21

Capacitance is inversely proportional to:

Back 21

Elasticity of blood vessel

Front 22

What does capacitance measure?

Back 22

Distensbility of the blood vessel

Front 23

More elasticity of the blood vessel means _________ capacitance.

Back 23

Lower

Front 24

List the pressure in the following blood vessels:

Aorta

Arterioles

Capillaries

IVC and SVC

Back 24

100 mmHg

50 mmHg

20 mmHg

4 mmHg

Front 25

What is the systolic and diastolic pressure?

Back 25

Systolic: highest arterial pressure when the heart contracts

Diastolic; lowest arterial pressure when the heart relaxes

Front 26

Two factors that effect blood pressure:

Back 26

Cardiac output and TPR

Front 27

Factors that cause primary hypertension:

Back 27

-stress, dietary Na, obesity

-over stimulation of sympathetic system,

-over secretion of aldosterone via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

-lack of vasodilators

Hint 27

4

Front 28

Two examples of vasodilators:

Back 28

Prostaglandin and bradykinin

Front 29

How does the adrenal gland cause hypertension?

Back 29

Any disorders of a.gland cause hypertension;

Secretes endocrine hormones which increase BP

cortisol secreted by adrenal cortex also increases BP

Hint 29

Three reasons; hormones

Front 30

What is a tumor of the adrenal gland that can cause hypertension?

Back 30

Phemochromocytoma

Front 31

What is Cushing's syndrome and how does it effect hypertension?

Back 31

Secretes alesterol, cortisol, and androgen increasing BP

Front 32

What is conns disease?

Back 32

Hyperaldesteronism: over producing alesterone cells

Front 33

What occurs in coaractation?

Back 33

Aorta narrows after the arch

Front 34

Examples of kidney disorders:

Back 34

Polycystic kidney disease, kidney tumor, kidney disease

Front 35

Destruction, abstraction or closure of this blood vessel and its organ will lead to hypertension:

Back 35

Renal vessels and kidney tissue

Front 36

Types of drugs that cause hypertension:

Back 36

Corticosteroids: presdinosone

And non-steroidal inflammatory drugs: Motrin, aleve

Weight loss pills

Front 37

What is preeclampsia?

Back 37

Post partum hypertension

Front 38

Effects of preeclampsia on the newborn?

Back 38

Infant comes out smaller than average

Front 39

Which hormone secretes excess calcium causing hypertension (thyroid or parathyroid)?

Back 39

Parathyroid

Front 40

What are types of drugs that treat hypertension?

Back 40

Angiotensin blockers/ inhibitors

Calcium channel blockers

Beta-adrenergic blockers

Dieuretics

Hint 40

ABCD

Front 41

Explain the cardiac action potential for ventricles, atria, and purkinje system:

Back 41

Phase 0: depolarization, Na inflow to cell

Phase 1: repolarization, K inflow to cell

Phase 2: Ca conductance and inward current

Phase 3: K channels open, K outflow

Phase 4: K reaches equilibrium at -85 mV

Hint 41

Phase 0 to 4

Front 42

Explain the cardiac action potential for ventricles, atria, and purkinje system:

Back 42

Phase 0: depolarization, Na inflow to cell

Phase 1: repolarization, K inflow to cell

Phase 2: Ca conductance and inward current

Phase 3: K channels open, K outflow

Phase 4: K reaches equilibrium at -85 mV

Hint 42

Phase 0 to 4

Front 43

Cardiac action potential of SA node:

Back 43

Phase 0: Ca conductance, upstroke action potential, inward Ca current

Phase 3: repolarization, K outflow

Phase 4: slow depolarization, Na conductance inward

Front 44

Explain the cardiac action potential for ventricles, atria, and purkinje system:

Back 44

Phase 0: depolarization, Na inflow to cell

Phase 1: repolarization, K inflow to cell

Phase 2: Ca conductance and inward current

Phase 3: K channels open, K outflow

Phase 4: K reaches equilibrium at -85 mV

Hint 44

Phase 0 to 4

Front 45

Cardiac action potential of SA node:

Back 45

Phase 0: Ca conductance, upstroke action potential, inward Ca current

Phase 3: repolarization, K outflow

Phase 4: slow depolarization, Na conductance inward

Front 46

What is indicated if the PR interval is <.2?

Back 46

AV conduction block

Front 47

Explain the cardiac action potential for ventricles, atria, and purkinje system:

Back 47

Phase 0: depolarization, Na inflow to cell

Phase 1: repolarization, K inflow to cell

Phase 2: Ca conductance and inward current

Phase 3: K channels open, K outflow

Phase 4: K reaches equilibrium at -85 mV

Hint 47

Phase 0 to 4

Front 48

Cardiac action potential of SA node:

Back 48

Phase 0: Ca conductance, upstroke action potential, inward Ca current

Phase 3: repolarization, K outflow

Phase 4: slow depolarization, Na conductance inward

Front 49

What is indicated if the PR interval is <.2?

Back 49

AV conduction block

Front 50

What is indicated when the ST segment is depressed or elevated?

Back 50

Myocardial infarction

Front 51

What is indicated when the QT interval is <.2?

Back 51

Tachyyarythmia

Front 52

What is normal blood calcium concentration?

Back 52

10 mg/dL

Front 53

What does conduction velocity show and what does it depend on?

Back 53

Reflects the time it takes for excitation to occur in the cardiac tissue

Depends on size of inward current

Front 54

What does conduction velocity show and what does it depend on?

Back 54

Reflects the time it takes for excitation to occur in the cardiac tissue

Depends on size of inward current

Front 55

What has the fastest and slowest conduction velocity?

Back 55

Fastest: purkinje

Slowest: AV