Heart Physio Part A

Front 1

Blood is made of two main components:

Back 1

Formed elements and plasma

Front 2

The percentage of formed elements and plasma in blood:

Back 2

FE: 45%

Plasma: 55%

Front 3

What is basic blood volume for male and female?

Back 3

Male: 5-6 mL

Female: 4-5 mL

Front 4

What is hematocrit?

Back 4

The percentage of your blood made of RBCs

Front 5

Plasma is seen as the _____ fluid of blood.

Back 5

Sticky, straw-colored

Front 6

Plasma is made up of ______ water.

Back 6

90%

Front 7

What does formed elements consist of?

Back 7

WBC, RBC, platelets

Front 8

What are the three main plasma proteins?

Back 8

Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

Front 9

Which plasma protein is most abundant and what is its function?

Back 9

Albumin, 60-80%

Colloid osmotic pressure that removes water from tissue into capillaries

Front 10

Function of globulin( alpha, beta, gamma):

Back 10

Alpha: transports enzymes

Beta: transports proteins

Gamma: immunoglobulin, functions in immunity

Front 11

Erythrocytes are produced in:

Back 11

Red bone marrow

Front 12

In the first trimester, what produces the stem cells for blood?

Back 12

Yolk sac

Front 13

Which protein stimulates the production of blood cells in red bone marrow?

Back 13

Erythropoietin

Front 14

What two places are erythropoietin produced?

Back 14

90% in glomeruli of kidney

The rest in the liver

Front 15

Two types of WBC and their types

Back 15

Granulocytes: basophils, neutrophils , eosinophil

agrunolocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes

Front 16

Which WBC makes up for 20-45% of the leukocytes?

Back 16

Lymphocytes

Front 17

Function of lymphocytes: T-cells and B-cells

Back 17

T-cells: fights against foreign bodies

B-cells: produces antibodies

Front 18

Which structure allows for leukocytes to reach the site of an infection?

Back 18

Can move in an ameboid fashion

Front 19

Monocytes are the __________ leukocytes.

Back 19

Largest

Front 20

What is release from basophils when there's an infection?

Back 20

Histamine

Front 21

What is another function of basophils?

Back 21

Vasodilation, opens the blood vessel to allow WBC to go to the infected site

Front 22

Eosinophil function:

Back 22

Kill parasites and turn off allergic responses

Front 23

Neutrophils and monocytes are:

Back 23

Phagocytosis cells

Front 24

Monocytes make up for what percentage of WBC?

Back 24

4-8%

Front 25

Another name for platelets is:

Back 25

Thrombocytes

Front 26

Function of platelets:

Back 26

Helps in blood clotting; serotonin is released causing the blood vessel to construct and reduce the blood flow to the injured area

Front 27

Increase in platelets causes:

Back 27

Thrombosis

Front 28

What type of blood cells do lymphoid and myeloid stem cells form?

Back 28

Lymphoid produce lymphocytes

Myeloid produce all the other types of cells

Front 29

Prior to erythrocytes there are:

Back 29

Proerythroblast

Front 30

________ enlarge to form monocytes.

Back 30

Monoblasts

Front 31

Granulocytes form from:

Back 31

Myelocytes

Front 32

Platelets originate from:

Back 32

Megakaryocytes

Front 33

Platelets originate from:

Back 33

Megakaryocytes

Front 34

What three factors do you need to form RBC and hemoglobin?

Back 34

Folic acid, B12, iron

Front 35

Thrombocytopenia occurs when there's a ___________ in platelets.

Back 35

Decrease

Front 36

What is destroyed during aplastic anemia?

Back 36

Bone marrow

Front 37

What is destroyed during aplastic anemia?

Back 37

Bone marrow

Front 38

Microcytic and macrocytic anemia is a deficiency in:

Back 38

Microcytic: iron

Macrocytic: B12, folic acid

Front 39

Polycythemia is the ________ of RBC.

Back 39

Excess

Front 40

Which organs form blood in the first two months?

Back 40

Liver and spleen

Front 41

Three layers of blood vessels are:

Back 41

Tunica intima

Tunica media

Tunica externa

Front 42

What are the structures of each blood vessel layer?

Back 42

Tunica intima: simple squamous epithelium

Tunica media: smooth muscle

Tunica externa: connective tissue

Front 43

What are three types of arteries?

Back 43

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries and arterioles

Front 44

Arteries have _______ pressure than veins.

Back 44

More

Front 45

Pressure (mmHg) in aorta, SVC/IVC:

Back 45

Aorta: 100 mmHg

SVC/IVC: 4 mmmHg

Front 46

What are the two types of capillaries?

Back 46

Low permeability and sinusoids

Front 47

Where are sinusoid capillaries located and their feature?

Back 47

Liver and spleen: wide and leaky

Front 48

What layer of the blood vessel is thicker in the vein than artery?

Back 48

Tunica externa

Front 49

Sickle cell disease is the result of:

Back 49

Inherited, abnormal hemoglobin S produced

Front 50

Sickle cell disease is the result of:

Back 50

Inherited, abnormal hemoglobin S produced

Front 51

Treatment for sickle cell disease:

Back 51

Folic acid

Front 52

Sickle cell disease is the result of:

Back 52

Inherited, abnormal hemoglobin S produced

Front 53

Treatment for sickle cell disease:

Back 53

Folic acid

Front 54

Symptoms and signs of sickle cell disease:

Back 54

Jaundice, fever, fatigue, paleness, increase HR, ulcers in lower leg, decreased growth, bone pain, abdominal pain

Hint 54

9

Front 55

Sickle cell disease is the result of:

Back 55

Inherited, abnormal hemoglobin S produced

Front 56

Treatment for sickle cell disease:

Back 56

Folic acid

Front 57

Symptoms and signs of sickle cell disease:

Back 57

Jaundice, fever, fatigue, paleness, increase HR, ulcers in lower leg, decreased growth, bone pain, abdominal pain

Hint 57

9

Front 58

Where does leukemia start and what occurs?

Back 58

Starts in the bone marrow; production of white blood cells that don't stop growing

Front 59

Sickle cell disease is the result of:

Back 59

Inherited, abnormal hemoglobin S produced

Front 60

Treatment for sickle cell disease:

Back 60

Folic acid

Front 61

Symptoms and signs of sickle cell disease:

Back 61

Jaundice, fever, fatigue, paleness, increase HR, ulcers in lower leg, decreased growth, bone pain, abdominal pain

Hint 61

9

Front 62

Where does leukemia start and what occurs?

Back 62

Starts in the bone marrow; production of white blood cells that don't stop growing

Front 63

Four different types of leukemia:

Back 63

Acute, chronic, lymphocytic, myelogenous

Front 64

Sickle cell disease is the result of:

Back 64

Inherited, abnormal hemoglobin S produced

Front 65

Treatment for sickle cell disease:

Back 65

Folic acid

Front 66

Symptoms and signs of sickle cell disease:

Back 66

Jaundice, fever, fatigue, paleness, increase HR, ulcers in lower leg, decreased growth, bone pain, abdominal pain

Hint 66

9

Front 67

Where does leukemia start and what occurs?

Back 67

Starts in the bone marrow; production of white blood cells that don't stop growing

Front 68

Four different types of leukemia:

Back 68

Acute, chronic, lymphocytic, myelogenous

Front 69

What occurs in lymphocytic and myelogenous leukemia?

Back 69

Lymphocytic; effects lymphocytes and produces mature WBC

myelogenous; effects myelocytes and produces immature and mature WBC

Front 70

Sickle cell disease is the result of:

Back 70

Inherited, abnormal hemoglobin S produced

Front 71

Treatment for sickle cell disease:

Back 71

Folic acid

Front 72

Symptoms and signs of sickle cell disease:

Back 72

Jaundice, fever, fatigue, paleness, increase HR, ulcers in lower leg, decreased growth, bone pain, abdominal pain

Hint 72

9

Front 73

Where does leukemia start and what occurs?

Back 73

Starts in the bone marrow; production of white blood cells that don't stop growing

Front 74

Four different types of leukemia:

Back 74

Acute, chronic, lymphocytic, myelogenous

Front 75

What occurs in lymphocytic and myelogenous leukemia?

Back 75

Lymphocytic; effects lymphocytes and produces mature WBC

myelogenous; effects myelocytes and produces immature and mature WBC

Front 76

Treatment for leukemia:

Back 76

Chemo

Radiation

Inteferon-A

SCT

Hint 76

Four types

Front 77

Why does jaundice cause yellow skin?

Back 77

Produces damaged RBC which releases hemoglobin which turns into bilubrin, turning the skin yellow

Front 78

Symptoms of leukemia:

Back 78

Bone pain

Fever and night sweats

Bleed easily

Headache

Loses weight

Weakness

Swollen lymph nodes in armpit and neck

Gets infected easily