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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name possible causes/categories of cardiomyopathy |
1. Ischaemia (Coronary artery disease) 2. Primary (cause unknown) 3. Secondary (systemic disease) |
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Consequences of any cardiomyopathy |
1. Heart failure 2. Arrhythmia 3. Death |
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Name 4 types of CMP |
1. Dilated CMP 2. Hypertrophic CMP 3. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular CMP 4. Restrictive CMP |
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What are the characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy? |
1. All 4 heart chambers are enlarged/dilated 2. Reduced ejection fraction 3. Heterogenous group of causes |
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What are some possible causes of dilated CMP? |
1. Idiopathic 2. Genetic 3. Muscle dystrophy 4. LV non-compaction 5. Tako-Tsubo CMP |
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How can Tako-Tsubo present? |
1. Cardiomyopathy 2. Acute coronary syndrome without atherosclerosis (open arteries) |
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Name some signs of hypertrophic CMP? |
1. Displaced apex beat 2. Strong apex beat 3. Hypertrophy seen on ECG |
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What does HOCM stand for? |
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy |
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What are the characteristic changes to the heart in HOCM? |
1. Thick septum 2. Displaced mitral leaflet |
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What are the consequences of HOCM? |
1. Obstruction of blood flow to aorta - can lead to death during exercise 2. Mitral insufficiency |
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Symptoms of HOCM |
1. Chest pain when exercise 2. Syncope |
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What are the signs of HOCM and what manoeuvre can be done to diagnose HOCM? |
Sign - Hear two heart murmurs HOCM gets louder with Valsalva manoeuvre |
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What is done to prevent sudden death in HOCM? |
Removal of enlarged part of muscle (Alcohol ablation) |
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What categories of secondary causes of CMP are there? |
1. Non-infective 2. Infective 3. Toxic 4. Metabolic |
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Name non-infective secondary causes of CMP |
1. Sarcoidosis (granulomas look like TB) 2. Auto-immune 3. Peripartum |
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What are toxic cause of secondary CMP? |
1. Alcohol 2. Chemotherapeutic agents 3. Anabolic steroids 4. Cociane 5. Ma Huang (Ephdra) |
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What are metabolic causes of CMP? |
1. Nutritional deficiencies (Bere-Beri) 2. Endocrine (thyroid, DM, Pheochromocytoma) 3. Haemochromatosis (iron overload) |
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What are the signs and symptoms of pericarditis |
1. Chest pain (stabbing, better when sitting) 2. Pericardial rub (coarse sound) 3. Abnormal ECG |
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What are common causes of pericarditis? |
1. Infective - TB 2. AMI (Acute myocardial infection) 3. Uraemia 4. Idiopathic acute Others 1. Neoplasia 2. Hypothroidism 3. Auto-immune 4. Post cardiac injury |
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Name 3 common complications of pericarditis? |
1. Pericardial effusion (looks like cardiomegaly) 2. Constrictive pericarditis (looks like HF) 3. Cardiac tamponade |
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What are some clinical signs of cardiac tamponade? |
1. Soft heart sounds 2. Elevated JVP 3. Hypotension 4. Paridoxical pulse and BP |
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What are possible causes of cardiac tamponade? |
1. Neoplasia 2. Idiopathic 3. Renal failure 4. Stab wound to chest |
