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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Etiology of Systolic HF
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Volume overload, pressure overload, loss of muscle
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Systolic HF
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Ejection Fraction < 40 %
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Systolic Hf defined as
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impaired contractility which decreases CO
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Diastolic HF etiologies
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Impaired relaxation, impaired filling
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Diastolic HF defined as
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imparied relaxation and filling
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Diastolic HF
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ejection fraction >40% with symptoms
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NYHA Class I
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Cardiac disease with no physical limitations
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NYHA Class II
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Cardiac disease that results in slight limitations (>2 flights of stairs until fatigued)
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NYHA Class III
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Cardiac disease that results in marked limitations (< 2 flights of stairs until fatigued)
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NYHA Class IV
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Cardiac disease that results in inability to carry out physical activity without symptoms. Symptoms often present at rest.
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ACC/AHA Stage A
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High risk for developing HF due to RFs or conditions present. No present abnormalities or symptoms.
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ACC/AHA Stage B
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Developed structural damage that is associated with HF (LVH, valvular heart disease, or previous MI)
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ACC/AHA Stage C
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Structural damage with current or any previous symptoms
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ACC/AHA Stage D
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Advanced structural disease and marked symptoms at rest despite therapy.
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White salt
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Table salt
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Black salt
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soy sauce
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Red Salt
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Ketchup
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Yellow Salt
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Mustard
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Pink salt
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Deli meats
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Green salt
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pickles
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Brown salts
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Gravy/soup
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Captopril dosing for HF
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Starting dose = 6.25 mg TID
Target dose = 50 mg TID Max dose = 100 mg TID |
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Enalapril dosing for HF
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Starting dose = 2.5 mg BID
Target dose = 10 mg BID Max dose = 20 mg BID |
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Lisinopril dosing for HF
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Starting dose = 2.5-5 mg QD
Target dose = 20 mg QD Max dose = 40 mg QD |
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ACE-i MOA
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Blocks conversion of AngI to AngII by blocking ACE, leads to: decreased vasocontriction (afterload), decreased aldosterone production (preload), decrease sympathetic stimulation, increases production of vasodilatory bradykinins
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Primary literature for ACEi in HF
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CONSENSUS, SOLVD, V-HeFT II, and SAVE
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ACE-i are indicated in what HF patients
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ALL pt's! ACC/AHA Stage A-D
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Adverse effects of ACE
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Cough, Hyperkalemia, Renal insufficiency, Hypotension, Neutropenia, Angioedema, Taste disturbances
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CI's with ACE
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Sx hypotension, Previous angioedema, K >5.5 mEq/L that can't be reduced, Pregnancy
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Cautions with ACE
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Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis, Hypotension, Increased S. Cr., Hyperkalemic
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Metoprolol XL dosing for HF
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Starting dose = 12.5 25 mg QD
Target dose = 200 mg QD |
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Carvedilol dosing for HF (<85 kg)
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Starting dose = 3.125 mg QD
Target dose = 25 mg |
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Carvedilol dosing for HF (>85 kg)
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Starting dose = 3.125 mg QD
Target dose = 50 mg |
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Carvedilol CR dosing for HF
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Starting dose = 10 mg QD
Target dose = 80 mg QD |
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B-blocker MOA for HF
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Blocks sympathetic stimulation and decreases myocardial demand
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Primary literature for B-blockers in HF
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MERIT-HF and COMET
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