Heart Embryology

Front 1

Truncus arteriosus gives rise to?

Back 1

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 2

bulbus cordis gives rise to?

Back 2

right ventricle and smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricle

Front 3

primitive ventricle gives rise to?

Back 3

portion of the left ventricle

Front 4

primitive atria gives rise to?

Back 4

trabeculated left and right atrium

Front 5

left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to?

Back 5

coronary siinus

Front 6

right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to?

Back 6

smooth part of right atrium

Front 7

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein give rise to?

Back 7

superior vena cava

Front 8

how does truncus arteriosus evolve?

Back 8

neural crest migration divides trunk into 2 arteries via fusion and twistin of truncal and bulbar ridges into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 9

trucus arteriosus pathologies?

Back 9

tetralogy of fallot + transposition of great vessels

Front 10

transposition of great vessels

Back 10

Cause: failure of aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

See: aorta leaves the RV (anterior); pulm trunk leaves LV (posterior).

so there is a separation of systemic and pulmonic circulation

Die unless shunt

Front 11

Tetralogy of fallot most common... ?

Back 11

Most common cyanotic heart defect

Most common cause of blue baby syndrome

Front 12

Tetralogy of fallot

Back 12

Cause: anteriosuperior displacement of infundibular septum

See: boot shaped heart on xray
4 problems. 1. pulmonary stenosis 2. aorta overrides VSD 3. R ventricular hypertrophy 4. Ventricular septal defect

Early cyanotic spells occur due to shunt in VSD
tx: squat to inc. pressure in femoral arteries, to dec. shunt so more blood to lungs

Front 13

Interventricular septum development?

Back 13

1. muscular ventricular septum forms -there is an opening = interventricular septum
2. aorticopulm septum splits into aortic and pulmonic trunks
3. aorticopulm septum fuses with muscular ventricular septum to make membranous interventricular septum

Front 14

Interarterial septum development?

Back 14

1. foramen primum narrows, septum primum grows
2. septum primum makes foramen secundum. Foramen primum disappears
3. Foramen secundum maintains l to r shunt, septum secundum grows
4. septum secundum makes foramen ovale
5. foramen secundum grows, septum primum shrinks
6. septum primum forms valve of formamen ovale

Front 15

Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in?

Back 15

1. yolk sac- 3 to 8 wks
2. Liver - 6 to 30 wk
3. spleen - 9 to 28 wk
4. bone marrow - 28 wk on

Front 16

fetal hemoglobin equation

Back 16

a2y2

Front 17

adult hemoglobin equation

Back 17

a2B2

Front 18

Does Fetal or adult hemoglobin pull more o2?

Back 18

Fetal because it needs to pull it from the mother's circulation

Front 19

Umbilical Vein or Artery is more saturated with o2?

Back 19

Vein has more saturation = 80%

Artery o2 saturation is low

Front 20

Fetal Shunt Names?

Back 20

1. Ductus Venosus
2. Foramen Ovale
3. Ductus Arteriosus

Front 21

Ductus Venosus?

Back 21

To bypass liver/hepatic circ

Mom-->umbilical vein -->ductus venosus-->IVC

Skip liver because would take away more o2 and blood has already been cleaned by Mom's lliver

Front 22

Foramen Ovale?

Back 22

allows oxygenated blood from RA-->LA to skip lungs, pulm circ

R-->L shunt

IVC-->RA-->foramen ovale--->LA--> aorta to body/head

Foramen ovale should close at birth when infant takes a breath -->this dec pulm resistance-->inc LA P> RA P-->foramen ovale cloases = fossa ovalis

Front 23

Ductus Arteriosus?

Back 23

connects pulm A and aortic arch. Allows deox blood from RB to skip lung to LV...helps strengthen LV.

SVC-->pulm A-->lower body of fetus

At birth pulm and systemic circ are joined...born then closes = ligamentum arteriosum

Front 24

Indomethacin vs. Prostaglandins on fetal heart?

Back 24

indomethacin closes PDA
Prostaglandins keep PDA open

normally: when born inc O2 -->dec. prostaglandins --> PDA closes = ligamentum arteriosum

Front 25

Umbilical vein turns to?

Back 25

ligamentum teres hepatis

Front 26

Umbilical artery turns to?

Back 26

medial umbilical ligaments

Front 27

Ductus Arteriosus turns to?

Back 27

ligamentum arteriosum

Front 28

Ductus Venosus turns to?

Back 28

ligamentum venosum

Front 29

Foramen ovale turns to?

Back 29

fossa ovalis

Front 30

allantois turns to?

Back 30

urachus -->median umbilical ligament

Front 31

notochord turns to?

Back 31

nucleus pulposus of intervert disk

Front 32

Aortic Arches?

Back 32

1,2,3,4,6...NO 5

Front 33

1st Aortic Arch derivative?

Back 33

maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)

Front 34

2nd Aortic Arch derivative?

Back 34

stapedial artery + hyoid artery

Front 35

3rd Aortic Arch derivative?

Back 35

Common Carotid + internal Carotid artery

Front 36

4th Aortic Arch derivative?

Back 36

L-aortic arch
R - subclavian A

Front 37

6th Aortic Arch derivative

Back 37

prox part of pulmonary A + L-ductus arteriosus

Front 38

Developing brain starts with?

Back 38

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

Front 39

prosencephalon becomes?

Back 39

telencephalon -->cerebral hemisphere

Diencephalon -->thalami

Front 40

Mesencephalon becomes?

Back 40

midbrain

Front 41

Rhombencephalon becomes?

Back 41

metencephalon -->pons + cerebellum

myelencephalon -->medulla