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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HDL |
- good cholesterol, binds to cholesterol to get rid of it - primary protection: < 40 mg/dL major risk factor for CVD 40-50 mg/dL less of a risk factor for CVD > 60 mg/dL protective against heart disease - can increase HDL with exercise |
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LDL |
- bad cholesterol, carries cholesterol and deposits it in lining of vessels - ideally, < 100 mg/dL in patients w/ moderate risk of HD - want < 70 mg/dL in patients w/ known CAD or >2 risk factors (obesity, low HDL) |
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VLDL |
- carrier of triglycerides - have capability to convert to LDL by skeletal muscles - associated w/ increased risk of CVD < 25% ideal 25-50% put patient at risk of CVD |
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Triglycerides |
- fat that exists in the bloodstream, transported by VLDL, produced in liver - ideally < 160 mg/dL (male), < 135 mg/dL (female) |
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Total Cholesterol/HDL ratio |
- compares HDL and LDL in total cholesterol value 3:1 ideal |
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Total Cholesterol
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- fasting test, no food or drink (besides water) for 9-12 hrs. - primary protection: < 200 mg/dL desirable, low risk for CVD 200-239 mg/dL borderline high, at risk for CVD > 240 mg/dL high cholesterol, 2x risk for CVD - cirrhosis will ↓ cholesterol levels |
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Homocysteine |
- promotes progression of atherosclerosis >15 at risk for CVD, due to B vit. deficiency (B12, B6) dietary related, smoking, MTHFR 12-15 borderline <12 optimal |
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Apolipoproteins |
- better indicator for CVD than HDL, LDL because precursors of HDL, LDL |
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Apo. A |
- good apolipoprotein, increased w/ exercise, decreased w/ high carb, fatty diet - Apo A-I (75% of HDL) - Apo A-II (20% of HDL) |
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Apo. B |
- bad apolipoprotein, increased w/ high carb, fatty diet - Apo B-100 (found in LDL & VLDL) - Apo B-48 |
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Apo A-I/Apo B ratio |
- better measurement of comparison of Apo A & Apo B |
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Lipoprotein A |
- very bad, damages arterial walls resulting in atherosclerotic formation - elevated in women >50 yrs old who are menopausal |
