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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pericardium
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encases the heart
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Location of Pericardium
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located in the inferior middle mediastinum
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What arises from the superior aspects of the heart
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great vessels such as aortic arch, pulmonary trunk
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Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
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outer lining of the heart
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Inner lining
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endocardium
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muscle layer
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myocardium
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during heart development, where does it originate from?
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originates from cardiogenic region that is anterior to the Bucco membrane. with cells that are derived from the mesodermal region.
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cardiac cycle?
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ventricle filling called diastole
ventricle ejection of bloos is called systole |
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diastole
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filling of the ventricles from the atrium
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systole
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ventricular empyting of blood to either the aorta or the pulmonary trunk
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Anterior Surface
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formed by the RV
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Diaphragmatic
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inferior portion
mainly formed by the LV and a little by the RV |
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LV
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carries the Left Pulmonary surface
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RA
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forms the right pulmonary surface
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Apex of Heart
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MV sounds are maximal
located at the inferolateral part of the LV located posterior to the 5th intercoastal space at the mid-clavicular line |
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Base
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formed mainly by the LA
oblique pericardical sinus esophagus & aorta superiorly extends to the pulmonary trunk inferiorly extends to the coronary groove |
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Right Border
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formed by the RA
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Left Border
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formed by the LV
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Inferior Border
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mainly by the RV and small portion of the LV
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Superior Border
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formed by the Right and Left Atria
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Apex Surface Location
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5th intercoastal in the mid-clavicular line
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Superior Border Surface
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2nd left intercoastal cartilage to the 3rd right coastal cartilage
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Right Border Surface
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3rd right costal cartilage to the 6th right costal cartilage
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Left Border Surface
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2nd left costal cartilage to the apex of the heart
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Inferior Border Surface
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6th right costal cartilage to the apex of the heart
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Aortic valve
located |
Right 2nd intercostal space; medially
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Pulmonary Valve
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Left 2nd intercostal space medially
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Tricuspid Valve
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Left 4th intercostal space
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Mitral Valve
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over the apex of the heart
6th intercostal space of the midcalvicular line |
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Right Atrium Interior
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receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava
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Right Atrium
Rough |
Anterior: rough muscular pectinate muscles
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Right Atrium
Smooth Area |
Posterior: smooth thin-walled sinus
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Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus |
bring blood from other parts of the heart into the RA
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How are the smooth and rough parts separated?
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Crista Terminalis separates them on the inside
Sulcus terminals separates them on the outside |
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separates rough from smooth part in the RV
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supraventricular crest
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Tricuspid Valves
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attached to papillary muscles by chordae tendineae
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Papillary Muscles in LV
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Anterior /Posterior muscles are larger than in RV
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Mitral Valve
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located between the LA & LV
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Why is LV wall much thicker than RV?
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b/c it has to send blood out to entire body and is covered with trabaculae carneae
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Dextrocardia
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during dvlpt, heart tube bends to the left inside of right. will reverse the heart and vessels. if other organs are reversed then can live but if not reversed then can not survive
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Heart develops in an abnormal location.
exposed on the surface of thorax wide sternum open pericardial sac |
Ecotpia Cordis
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Cusp
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leaflet of the valve
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Annular Ring
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fibrous connective tissue surrounding the valve and the cusp
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How many Cusps does the Aortic valve have?
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3 cusps
anterior and posterior right and left |
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Pulmonary Valve Cusps
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3 cusps
anterior, posterior right and left |
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Tricupsid Valve Cusp
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located between the RA & RV
3 cusps anterior, posterior and septal |
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Mitral Valve Cusp
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located between the LA & LV
2 cusps anterior and posterior |
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cardiovascular fibrous skeleton degenerates due to stress and abnormal valve motion, that can lead to premature calcium deposit.
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Mitral Valve Annular Calcification
Aortic Valve Calcification |
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Aortic Stenosis
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thickened valves
size of the aorta is normal |
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Aortic Atresia
What delivers blood to the aorta? |
Aorta, LV & LA are underdeveloped
Patent Ductus Arterious delivers blood to the aorta |
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Pulmonary Valvular Atresia / Stenosis
How does blood get circulated to Pulmonary circulation |
semilunar valves are fused together
trunk of the pulmonary artery is narrow via ductus arterious |
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aorta originates from the RV & Pulmonary Trunk originates from LV due to failure or spiral conotruncal
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Transposition of Great Vessels
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Interventricular septal defect
pulmonary artery arises from the trucus arterious conotruncal ridges fail to fuse & does not descend toward the ventricle |
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
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Atrial Septal Defects
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Cor triloculare biventriculare
excessive resorption of spetum primum absence of spetum secundum Tricuspid Atresia |
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Cor triloculare biventriculare
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complete absence of the septums
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Tricuspid Atresia
Characteristics |
Rt atrioventricular orifice obilterated
patent oval foramen VSD Underdeveloped right ventricle LV hypertrophy |
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VSD
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membranous part is defective
allows for mixing of blood muscular part is defective absence of the interventricular septum |
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Blood flow to Coronary Arteries
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during systole the valves are open and perfusing blood to the tissues in the body.
once in systole, there is a transient back flow that perfuses the heart via the coronary arteries |
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RCA
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arises from the RCS
travels in the right coronary groove |
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RCA Blood Flow
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RA
Most of RV Part of the LV SA / AV node posterior 1/3 of the IV septum |
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LCA
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arises from the LCS
travels in the left coronary groove divides into anterior interventricular & circumflex groove |
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LCA blood Flow
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LA / LV
parts of RV anterior 2/3 of IV septum |
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Which one of the two coronary arteries is the most dominant in individuals?
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RCA dominance by 67%
LCA dominance by 15% |
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Pericardium
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covering of the sac in which the heart resides
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Pericarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium makes the serrous fluid rough
inflammed pericardium can calicfy or can produce pericardial effusion that leads to compression of heart and CHF |
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Serrous Fluid
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inside the of pericardial sac
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Fibrous pericardium
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covers the heart and the great vessels
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