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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the flow of blood through the mammalian heart
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starts with the posterior and anterior vena cava and into the right atrium by the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle, through the semilunar valve and the pulmonary arteries in the lungs to the right/left pulmonary veins through the semilunar valve and into the left atria to the mitral valve to the left ventricle, to the aortic valve and then through the aorta and into the body
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Describe corronary circulation
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corronary arteries come from the aorta and enter into the heart muscle, the blood drains into the corronary sinus where it is returned to the right atria of the heart
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What is a major cause of corronary disease?
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blockage of a coronary artery
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this valve lies between the left ventricle and aorta and consists of two flaps of tissue connected by the chordae tendenae and capillary muscle
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mitral valve
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this valve lies between the right atriuma and ventricle, it consists of three flaps of tissue
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tricuspid
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consists of three flaps of tissue and the pulmonary arteries and veins
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semilunar valves
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During this stage the atria contract, the mitral and tricuspid valves are open and blood fills the ventricle, semilunar valves are closed
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Diastole
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During this stage the ventricles contract and the semilunar and aortic valves open and the blood flows out, the atria expand and blood comes in from the super and inferior vena cavae
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Systole
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a sac which secretes a lubricating fluid to reduce friction
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Pericardial sac
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located in the right atrium works as a pace maker
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sino-atrial node
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vessels for the contractile stimulus in the ventricular muscle
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Purkinje fibers
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This controls the rate of the heart beat
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vagus nerve
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Describe the heart of the fish...
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4 chambers in a line, sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, truncus arteriosus, no mixing of blood occurs
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Describe the heart of the amphibian...
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a partition has formed between the atrium but the venticle is still one large chamber, mixing of blood occurs in the ventricle
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Describe the heart of the reptile...
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a partial partition has formed in the ventricle but some it is full, sinus venosus has retreated into the atrium, mixing of blood occurs to some extent in ventricle
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Describe the heart of the mammal...
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the partition has completely formed, two atriums, and two ventricles, no mixing of blood occurs
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In reptiles and amphibians this directs deoxygenated blood into the lungs and oxygenated blood into the aortae
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Cavum Venosus
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What is the purpose of the cavum venosus in reptiles?
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allows blood to bypass the lungs during diving and basking when oxygen is not present or needed
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What is the first steps in heart formation?
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Two large blood vessels fuse to form the lining of the heart, surrounding splanchnic mesoderm forms the heart muscle
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Compare heart of adult fish to that of an embryo?
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They are exactly the same
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Conversion from tubular to four chambered heart of a mammalian?
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Partions form, it curves around on itself, sinus venosus goes into right atrium, pulmonary veins develop into the left atrium, spiral valve in the truncus arteriosis seperates the pulmonary arteries and aortic trunks
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The left common cardinal vein becomes what in the adult heart?
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the coronary sinus
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The right common cardinals become what in the adult heart?
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become the superior vena cava
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The right vitteline vein becomes what in the adult heart?
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the inferior vena cava
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The sinus venosus develops into what in the adult heart?
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the sino-atrial node
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this is a vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk with the dorsal aorta in an embryo heart?
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Ductus arteriosus
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What is the function of the ductus arteriosis in mammalian embryo's?
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originates from the 6th aortic arch, allows blood to bypass the lungs and go directly back into the body
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What happens at birth?
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the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus close so that the blood must pass through the heart
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When the blood does not circulate to the lungs properly at birth
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"blue baby" could be caused by the lack of the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus to not close
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