Heart

Front 1

Heart location

Back 1

-Thorax, mediastinum; left of midline.
-Function: self-adjusting muscular double pump; both pumps are concerted.
-Fist-sized
-Apex points down
-Base points up

Front 2

Pericardium

Back 2

Covers the heart; has two layers:
-Fibrous
-Serous

Front 3

Fibrous Pericardium

Back 3

Outer layer of the heart covering

Front 4

Serous Pericardium

Back 4

Inner layer of the heart covering; in contact w/ epicardium.

Front 5

Heart layers

Back 5

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Front 6

epicardium

Back 6

external heart layer; continuous with the serous pericardium
-superficial to myocardium

Front 7

myocardium

Back 7

MUSCLE layer of the heart; contains blood vessels and nerves.

Front 8

endocardium

Back 8

inner layer of the heart tissue.

continuous with epithelial layers of attached vessels (great arteries/veins)

Front 9

Heart Chambers

Back 9

-Right Atrium
-Right Ventricle
-Left Atrium
-Left Ventricle

Front 10

Right Atrium input/output

Back 10

input: from superior/inferior vena cava
output: to right ventricle via right AV valve (tricuspid)

Front 11

Right Ventrical Input/Output

Back 11

Input: Right atrium via AV valve
Output: to pulmonary trunk, via the pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 12

Right Ventrical Input/Output

Back 12

Input: Right atrium via AV valve
Output: to pulmonary trunk, via the pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 13

left atrium input/output

Back 13

input: pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood
output: left ventricle via the left AV valve, tricuspid.

Front 14

Left ventricle input/output

Back 14

input: left atrium via left AV valve.
output: aorta to the arch.

Front 15

Left ventricle input/output

Back 15

input: left atrium via left AV valve.
output: aorta to the arch.

Front 16

Great Vessels

Back 16

Superior/inferior vena cava
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Veins (4)

Front 17

Heart Valves

Back 17

Right AV - tricuspid
Left AV - bicuspid
Pulmonary Semilunar
Aortic Semilunar

Front 18

Mitral Valve

Back 18

aka, Bicuspid right av valve

Front 19

Valve function

Back 19

to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles/valves, but allow it to flow into the intended chamber.

Front 20

Bicuspid valve

Back 20

Left AV
-3x as thick as right, for strength to push blood through circulation.

Front 21

Function of chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

Back 21

when blood fills ventricles it pushes back on the AV valve; papillary muscles tense to prevent the AV valve from opening into the ATRIUM and allow blood to flow back. kind've like a parachute behind a drag-racing car.

Front 22

diastole

Back 22

period of ventricular relaxtion as blood flows from atria to ventricles;

Front 23

systole

Back 23

when the AV valves slam shut and ventricular contraction begins to push blood out pulmonary and atrial semilunar valves.

Front 24

Heart Septa

Back 24

interatrial
interventricular

Front 25

interatrial septum

Back 25

connective tissue that seperates the left/right atria

Front 26

interventricular septum

Back 26

division between the ventricles.

Front 27

Heart Sulci

Back 27

Coronary
Interventricular

Front 28

Coronary Sulcus

Back 28

superficial line that divides the atria from the ventricles. a "deep groove, boundary." vessels run within

Front 29

interventricular sulcus

Back 29

-Anterior
-Posterior

deep groove/boundary dividing the ventricles from a superficial view.

Front 30

Trabeculae carnae

Back 30

muscles within the ventricular walls.

Front 31

papillary muscles

Back 31

attach to the ventricular walls; yank on chordae tendinae during ventricular contraction.

Front 32

chordae tendinae

Back 32

HEARTSTRINGS; attach to papillar muscles; passively restrain the valves so that when closed they won't blow open by blood trying to reenter atria

Front 33

Fossa ovalis

Back 33

an opening in fetal life between the atria; allows blood to bypass pulmonary circulation.

Front 34

Ligamentum arteriosum

Back 34

remnant of a fetal vessel; attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch

Front 35

Coronary Circulation

Back 35

supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart.

Front 36

Coronary arteries

Back 36

originate within aortic sinus, at base of ascending aorta; first branches, the best blood, highest blood pressure.
Emerge from the aortic arch as its first branches

Front 37

left coronary artery

Back 37

emerges from left aorta (of patient)
-runs within left coronary sulcus

Branch: LAD, anterior interventricular artery

Front 38

LAD

Back 38

left anterior descending artery
-branch of left coronary artery
-runs within the interventricular sulcus; aka,
anterior interventricular artery

Front 39

circumflex artery

Back 39

-branch of left common carotid;
-runs within the coronary sulcus, then descends on posterior left side of heart.

Front 40

right coronary artery

Back 40

emerges from right aorta side
-runs within right coronary sulcus
Branches:
-posterior interventricular artery
-marginal artery

Front 41

posterior interventricular artery

Back 41

branch (after marginal) of right coronary artery;
-runs within interventricular sulcus of heart.
aka, posterior descending artery (as opposed to LAD)

Front 42

marginal artery

Back 42

branch of right coronary artery
-runs down right side of heart around apex.

Front 43

Veins of the heart

Back 43

-great cardiac vein
-middle cardiac vein
-coronary sinus

Front 44

great cardiac vein

Back 44

runs within interventricular sulcus with LAD artery; returns blood to the coronary sinus

Front 45

middle cardiac vein

Back 45

runs with posterior interventricular artery in interventricular sulcus;
returns blood to coronary sinus

Front 46

coronary sinus

Back 46

recieves blood from the great and middle cardiac veins (they actually join and become the sinus), returns to the right atrium. opens into right atrium just below fossa ovalis.