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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Once gas exhcange occurs in the lungs, the oxygenated blood (typically red) travels through what structures to which atrium?
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pulmonary veins to the left atrium
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The smooth posterior wall of the left atrium contains openings for how many pulmonary veins?
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3 or 4
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What can sometimes happen to the pulmonary veins of the left atrium?
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sometimes 2 vessels will fuse prior to reaching the left atrium, thus decreasing the number
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What separates the L atrium from the L ventricle? All 3 names!
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Left AV valve, bicuspid valve, or mitral valve,
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What structure does the blood from the lungs flow through when heading back toward the left atrium?
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3 or 4 left pulmonary veins
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How does blood get to the left ventricle?
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through the mitral valve into left ventricle
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Why does the Left ventricle require thick walls?
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In order to generate enough pressure to force the oxygenated blood that has returned to the heart form the lungs into the aorta and then through the entire systemic circulation.
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Which ventricle contains papillary muscles and chordae tendinae?
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both
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Where does blood go after it reaches the left ventricle?
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Through aortic semilunar valve to the entrance of the aorta.
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What is a common cause of valvular regurgitation?
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mitral valve prolapse
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what is the term for when one or more of the cardiac valves leaks?
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valvular insufficiency or valvular incompetence
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What affect will valvular insufficiencey have on the heart
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heart enlargement: heart works harder to compensate for the effect of backflow for normal ciruclation
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What is the term for scarring of the valve cusps so that they become rigid or partially fused and cannot open completely
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valvular stenosis
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What is valvular stenosis
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Scarring of the valve cusps so that they become rigid or partially fused and cannot open completely.
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What could cause output of the chambers of the heart to decrease?
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stenotic valve
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What is a primary cause of valvular stenosis?
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Rheumatic heart disease
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What may follow streptococcal infection of the throat?
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Rheumatic heart disease
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How does rheumatic heart disease occur?
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Antibodies produced to kill the bacteria cross-react with the body's own connective tissue, thereby initiating an autoimmune disease.
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The article Drowning from Within is about what?
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a patient suffering from heart failure.
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What are half of all heart failure cases caused by?
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Not by the left ventricle's inability to squeeze but by its failure to relax. High blood pressure--not heart attack--is the culprit.
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What is systolic failure?
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When the left ventricle of the heart is too weak to squeeze (systolic)
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What is diastolic failure?
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When the left ventricle is too thick and stiff to relax.
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Why is the article called "drowning from within"
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When pressure in the heart rises too much, blood backs up into vessels in the lung. Eventually fluid leaks out of lung capillaries, choking life-giving air sacs around them.
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What is classic congestive heart failure?
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When fluid leaks out of lung capillaries from Increa BP and chokes them, the right side of the heart the part that receives blood from veins weakens--also weakens, pressures in the venous system surge, making it hard to return the deoxygenated blood to the heart. legs and abdomen swell with fluid
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What do they give the patient and why in the article "drowing from within"
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Nitro pill
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