Hearing Science Test 3 Chapter 7

Front 1

When a system reproduces the exact same waveform at the input and the output

Back 1

undistorted

Front 2

When the shape of the waveform has been altered in some way.

Back 2

distortion

Front 3

The amplitude response is equal to the _____________ response

Back 3

frequency

Front 4

When the output frequencies of each of the sines are plotted as a function of frequency of input, this is known as ______________________

Back 4

amplitude response (frequency response) ****************

Front 5

When the certain frequencies are attenuated/filtered & various frequencies of the signal produce different amplitudes, __________________ has occurred.

Back 5

frequency distortion

Front 6

revels the extent to which a signal can be expected to undergo frequency distortion; also specifies just how flat the response is within the passband

Back 6

System transfer function

Front 7

Systems with flatter responses (ex: a system that is flat +/- .5 db instead of a system that is flat +/- 5 db) have experienced ___________ frequency distortion

Back 7

less

Front 8

All frequencies outside the passband are__________

Back 8

attenuated

Front 9

Systems that produce frequency distortion are ___________ systems.

Back 9

Linear Systems

Front 10

What aspects of the output are altered in a linear system?

Back 10

amplitudes and phases

Front 11

__________________ is plotted as a function of ____________________ on the abscissa

Back 11

Output, input

Front 12

In a linear system the input-output function is a _________ line

Back 12

straight

Front 13

In a linear system as the amplitude of the input is increased, the amp of the output is __________

Back 13

increased

Front 14

In a linear system, changes in the input level are _______________ to changes in the output level.

Back 14

proportional

Front 15

True or False. In a linear system, the input signal equals the output signal.

Back 15

False

Front 16

When evaluating the amplitude response, if no frequency distortion has occured, what kind of line will we see?

Back 16

a straight line

Front 17

In an infinite duration sine wave, the amplitude spectrum is periodic or aperiodic?

Back 17

periodic

Front 18

The amplitude spectrum of an infinite duration sine wave is a ___________ spectrum

Back 18

line (with a single line that corresponds to the frequency of the sine)

Front 19

A ___________ occurs when the duration of a sine wave is shortened.

Back 19

tone burst (sinusoidal pulse)

Front 20

When the duration of the wave is shortened in a tone burst, the amplitude spectrum is aperiodic or periodic?

Back 20

aperiodic

Front 21

When the duration of a wave is shortened in a tone burst, the amplitude spectrum is a __________________ spectrum.

Back 21

continuous

Front 22

A tone burst contains ___________ and __________________.

Back 22

lobes, nulls

Front 23

Nulls occur at integer multiples of the ______of the duration of a tone burst

Back 23

reciprocal

Front 24

The width of the band of energy or lobe (between adjacent nulls) is _______________ to duration

Back 24

inversely proportional

Front 25

As the duration increases, the width of the band of energy or lobe _______________

Back 25

decreases

Front 26

When a sine wave of long duration is turned on, maximum amplitude rises _______ to max/steady state value and then remains steady-state for a duration of time

Back 26

over time

Front 27

When the tone-burst is turned off it __________ decays from maximum to zero

Back 27

gradually

Front 28

Because signals are turned on and off the amplitude spectrum that results us more _________ than a theoretical sine wave. Energy is spread to other frequencies and the amplitude spectrum is ________ spectrum

Back 28

complex, continuous

Front 29

The process of creating transients is known as _______________________.

Back 29

transient distortion

Front 30

Initiating and terminating signals produces _____________

Back 30

transients

Front 31

Transients produced when the signal is turned on & amplitude is rising

Back 31

On transients

Front 32

Transients produced when the signal is turned off & amplitude is falling

Back 32

Off transients

Front 33

The duration over which the signal is rising or decaying

Back 33

Rise-decay time

Front 34

The longer the rise-decay time, the ______________the freq band over which energy is spread in both directions from the freq of the driving signal.

Back 34

narrower

Front 35

Signals with longer rise-decay time have ______ transient distortion than signals with faster rise-decay times

Back 35

less

Front 36

If the rise-decay time is short, an ___________________ will be heard

Back 36

audible clicking sound (Ex: audiologists & the audiometer)

Front 37

The time required for the signal amplitude to rise from -20db to -1db or decay from -1db to -20db should not be less than _______

Back 37

20 ms

Front 38

In a nonlinear system, the same results of a linear system occur if the instantaneous amps of the input signal do not exceed the limits of _________ of the input-output function of the nonlinear system

Back 38

linearity

Front 39

In a nonlinear system when you reach the point where the input-output function becomes nonlinear, changes in the input amp do not produce __________ changes in output amplitude

Back 39

proportional

Front 40

When operating on the nonlinear portion of a system we are said to be in ____________ or _____________ of the system

Back 40

overdrive, overload

Front 41

When a large sine wave that is put into input causes the overdriving of a nonlinear system, those instantaneous amplitudes of the sine wave that are at or near the ______________ lie on the nonlinear portion of the function

Back 41

maximum amplitude

Front 42

For those amplitudes that lie on the nonlinear portion of the function, the output amplitude is _________________ to the input amplitude

Back 42

not proportional

Front 43

those amplitudes that lie on the nonlinear portion of the function are __________ at the output

Back 43

reduced

Front 44

The shape of the output waveform has been altered relative to its __________ at the input.

Back 44

sinusoidal shape

Front 45

Occurs when the shape of the output wave has been altered because the peaks of the sine wave have been “clipped off”

Back 45

Peak Clipping

Front 46

Peak clipping when both the pos & neg peaks of the waveform are clipped

Back 46

Symmetrical peak clipping

Front 47

Peak clipping when the pos peaks are clipped, but the negative peaks & center portions are unaffected

Back 47

Asymmetrical peak clipping

Front 48

Peak clipping when the center portions of the wave are clipped and only the peaks are preserved

Back 48

Center peak clipping

Front 49

This occurs when amplitude of the waveform is the parameter that is altered.

Back 49

Amplitude distortion

Front 50

Distortion that operates on the nonlinear portion of the input-output function

Back 50

nonlinear distortion

Front 51

Nonlinear distortion is equal to ____________________

Back 51

amplitude distortion

Front 52

Amplitude distortion offers ____________ distortion

Back 52

nonlinear

Front 53

Any waveform that is not sinusoidal is a ____________ waveform

Back 53

complex

Front 54

A sine wave that undergoes nonlinear/amplitude distortion becomes a __________ ___________ waveform

Back 54

complex periodic

Front 55

A sine wave that undergoes amplitude/nonlinear distortion also goes through _____________ distortion because the output signal will have energy at harmonics of the fundamental driving signal.

Back 55

harmonic

Front 56

Magnitude of harmonic distortion is usually expressed in ____________

Back 56

percentage

Front 57

The proportion of total energy that is undesired energy.

Back 57

Harmonic distortion

Front 58

The proportion of total energy if multiplied by 100 would be expressed as _____________ ____________ ____________

Back 58

percentage harmonic distortion

Front 59

___________is the distance in decibels between ENF and the amplitude response curve.

Back 59

Dynamic Range

Front 60

Dynamic range is frequency ______

Back 60

dependent

Front 61

Harmonic distortion is synonymous with amplitude or nonlinear distortion when the driving signal is a _______________.

Back 61

simple sinusoid

Front 62

When driving signal is complex waveform we still experience amplitude (nonlinear) distortion, but the output is more complicated. This is called ______________

Back 62

intermodular distortion

Front 63

Intermodular distortion arises from interactions among various ____________________ components of the signal and from the interactions among their _______________.

Back 63

frequency, harmonics

Front 64

What are the two products of intermodulation distortion?

Back 64

harmonics and combination tones

Front 65

Output signal contains energy at _____________ of each frequency component of driving signal.

Back 65

harmonics

Front 66

What are the two types of combination tones?

Back 66

Difference & summation tones

Front 67

(f1-f2) (2f1-f2) is an example of

Back 67

Difference tones

Front 68

(f1+f2) (2f1+f2) is an example of

Back 68

Summation tones

Front 69

In theory combination tones comprise all ___________ and _____________ of the primary frequency and the integer multiples of primary components

Back 69

summation tones, difference tones

Front 70

In practice though amplitudes of the _______ combination tones will be too small to contribute to total energy at output signal.

Back 70

higher

Front 71

The concept that ideal sound waves altered in various ways

Back 71

Distortion

Front 72

When the frequency response at the output of a system differs from the frequency at the input of the system _____________ occurs

Back 72

Frequency distortion

Front 73

__________ cause frequency distortion

Back 73

Filters

Front 74

shows frequency system passing through those it is responds to

Back 74

Response curve

Front 75

Give an example of a frequency distortion device

Back 75

telephone

Front 76

If you have a system that only offers frequency distortion it is a ____________ system

Back 76

linear