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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hearing science |
study of the biological reception of speech and sounds |
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Sound |
it is a disturbance in the medium, vibration of the particles |
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What are two reciprocal properties of the medium that permit sound to occur? |
Inertia (driving through resting point) Elasticity (bringing back to resting point) |
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Pure tone |
a sound composed of one mode of vibration |
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What is the graphic representation of a pure tone? |
Sine wave |
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Complex tone |
sound composed of more than one pure tone |
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Why are sounds mostly complex? |
everything in the environment vibrates at multiple rates |
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3 elements that are required to have sound |
Medium, energy source, and vibrating body |
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Frequency |
number of times that a full cycle vibrates per second |
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Phase |
the location of the particle in its cycle |
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phase angle |
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Damping |
amplitude reduction over time due to frictional forces |
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What are the psychological correlates of frequency and amplitude? |
pitch (amplitude) loudness (frequency) |
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Period |
the time it takes for one full cycle |
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How do we compute period? |
reciprocal of the frequency, 1/frequency, measure the period in milliseconds frequency/1000 |
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Wave length |
how much distance does each of the cycles take |
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How to compute wave length? |
frequency/1100ft F/C |
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sound interference |
the influence of one sound on another sound if they are in phase increase intensity if not in phase the detract intensity |
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Reverberation |
the bouncing of sound off of hard surfaces |
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Reverberant time |
amount of time it takes from the original sound to reduce by 60 decibels |
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What does sound wave propagation relate to? |
it relates to how sound waves travel |
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Longitudinal waves |
parallel to wave propagation |
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Transverse waves |
perpendicular to wave propagation |
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Periodic |
the wave pattern repeats tonal quality |
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Aperiodic |
no repetition completely random |
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Continuous |
longevity, longer time |
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Transient |
brief sound |
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Fundamental frequency |
lowest frequency in a complex periodic sound H1 |
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Harmonic structure |
vibrations that are the whole multiples of fundamental frequency |
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Free vibration |
object continues to vibrate at its residual frequency without any external force causing the vibration |
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Forced vibration |
when object is manipulated to vibrate at a frequency other than its residual frequency because of an alternate force |
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Resonator |
an object that vibrates in response to another objects vibration |
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Range of human hearing |
20 Hz - 20,000 Hz |
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Human tuning curve |
human sensitivity to sound plotting frequency over intensity for threshold |
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Decibel |
measurement of sound loudness or power |
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3 properties of a decibel |
Arbitrary, logarithmic, ratio |
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Power |
how much energy that was used to create the sound |
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Pressure |
that energy or force distributed over a surface area |
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Manometer |
measurement of force or pressure |
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SPL meter |
how much pressure a sound is creating base and exponent |
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Log |
how many times you multiply something to get the number |
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Outer ear |
helix anti-helix cruz of the helix scaphoid fossa triangular fossa concha cymba concha cava tragus anti-tragus lobule |
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Tympanic membrane |
para flassida para tensa umbo long process of malleus cone of light |
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Middle ear |
medial aspect of the tympanic membrane middle ear ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) Eustachian tube middle ear muscles (stapedius, tensor tympani) |
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Inner ear |
oval window round window cochlea and vestibular system with hard osseous labrynth and soft membranous labrynth perilymphatic fluid endolymphatic fluid |
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Purpose of outer ear |
funnel direct sound, recess and protect, external ear effects (EEE) |
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Purpose of middle ear |
impedance matching device |
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Purpose of inner ear |
converter box changing energy into neuro-electrical signals the brain can perceive |
