Hearing Science Final

Front 1

Occurs when the air particles are pushed together.

Back 1

Compression

Hint 1

This condition increases the resting air pressure.

Front 2

The property of a body or medium that enables it to return to its original shape after it has been deformed.

Back 2

Elasticity

Hint 2

It may be considered a restoring force; the greater it is, the more resistant the body or medium to deformation.

Front 3

The number of complete cycles that a periodically vibrating source passes through in a one-second time period.

Back 3

Frequency

Hint 3

Expressed in Hertz.

Front 4

Pure tone components of a complex tone that are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency.

Back 4

Harmonics

Front 5

A complex sound wave that consists of a fundamental frequency together with other pure tone components at integral multiples of the fundamental.

Back 5

Harmonic Series

Front 6

The unit of measurement for frequency. It is synonymous with the formerly used expression cycles per second. (cps)

Back 6

Hertz

Hint 6

Named in honor of an important German physicist, Heinrich _______.

Front 7

The ability of a body to continue doing what it has been doing.

Back 7

Inertia

Hint 7

If a body is at rest, it will tend to remain at rest; if a body is in motion, it will tend to remain in motion.

Front 8

The amount of acoustic energy that passes through a unit of area in a given time span.

Back 8

Intensity

Hint 8

May be measured in units of power or pressure directly, but more frequently, it is measured in DECIBELS, which are logarithmic ratios.

Front 9

Any undesired sound.

Back 9

Noise

Front 10

The time it takes to compleate one cycle of vibration.

Back 10

Period

Hint 10

Defined as 1/f, where f is the frequency of vibration.

Front 11

A sound with a definite tonal quality.

Back 11

Pure Tone

Hint 11

_______ ________ is used in hearing tests.

Front 12

Occurs when air particles are separated.

Back 12

Rarefaction

Hint 12

This condition results in a decrease in the resting air pressure.

Front 13

It consists of a continuous spectrum across the auditory range.

Back 13

White Noise

Hint 13

All frequencies occurring at once.

Front 14

A graphic representation of a signal.

Back 14

Sine Wave

Front 15

Process of friction causing sound vibrations to eventually stop sound.

Back 15

Damping

Front 16

Logarithmic scale used to measure sound.

Back 16

Decibel Scale

Hint 16

dB

Front 17

Unit value used to measure sound

Back 17

Dyne

Hint 17

SPL=.0002____/cm2

Front 18

.0002dynes/cm2

Back 18

Sound Pressure Level is reference to...

Hint 18

SPL

Front 19

In medicine, associated with the closure of a normal opening.

Back 19

Atresia

Hint 19

Associated with a closed external auditory meatus.

Front 20

A cyst which typically grows from the upper portion of the tympanic membrane.

Back 20

Cholesteatoma

Front 21

Occurs when infection persists in the middle ear cavity for a prolonged time period.

Back 21

Chronic Otitis Media

Hint 21

The ear will often discharge pus, which has a foul odor.

Front 22

Occurs when changes in the skin that lines the external auditory meatus permit growth of bacteria or fungi.

Back 22

External Otitis

Hint 22

Swimmer's Ear

Front 23

A common cause of conductive hearing loss due to the blocking of the ear canal with cerumen.

Back 23

Impacted Cerumen

Front 24

A surgical operation that aims to remove diseased mastoid air cells.

Back 24

Mastoidectomy

Front 25

An inflammation of the mastoid air cells.

Back 25

Mastoiditis

Hint 25

Tendonitis: inflammation of the tendons, etc.

Front 26

Occurs when the fluid present within the tympanic cavity is thickened, but not infected.

Back 26

Mucous Otitis Media

Hint 26

Serous Otitis Media

Front 27

An operation designed to repair a perforation of the tympanic membrane.

Back 27

Myringoplasty

Front 28

A surgical incision of the eardrum to drain fluid or pus.

Back 28

Myringotomy

Front 29

Occurs whenever the ossicular chain is interrupted.

Back 29

Ossicular Discontinuity

Front 30

A condition in which conductive hearing loss occurs, usually through a gradual fixation of the stapes in the oval window.

Back 30

Otosclerosis

Front 31

A surgical procedure to improve hearing in cases of otosclerosis.

Back 31

Stapedectomy

Hint 31

The immobile stapes is first removed and is then replaced by a prosthesis.

Front 32

A surgical procedure that aims to reconstruct the middle ear's conductive function.

Back 32

Tympanoplasty

Front 33

A nerve that carries nerve impulses from a sensory organ to the central nervous system.

Back 33

Afferent nerve

Front 34

Long extensions of nerve cells which carry information away from the cell body.

Back 34

Axons

Front 35

A nerve that carries nervous impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery.

Back 35

Efferent Nerve

Front 36

A small opening, located at the apical end of the cochlea, that allows communication between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani.

Back 36

Helicotrema

Front 37

The system of interconnecting canals and cavities within the temporal bone that makes up the inner ear.

Back 37

Labyrinth

Hint 37

consists of the cochlea, semicircular canals, and the vestibule.

Front 38

The lowest part of the brainstem, extending from the pons to the spinal cord.

Back 38

Medulla

Hint 38

Oblangata

Front 39

The actual sense organ of hearing.

Back 39

Organ of Corti

Hint 39

______ of _______

Front 40

It is closed by the stapes footplate and the annular ligament. It terminates the scala vestibuli at its basal end.

Back 40

Oval Window

Hint 40

A small, oval shaped opening...

Front 41

Its membrane serves as the termination of the scala tympani at its basal end.

Back 41

Round Window

Hint 41

A small, round opening.

Front 42

A membranous sac located within the vestibule.

Back 42

Saccule

Hint 42

It communicates through the ductus reuniens, with the scala media.

Front 43

The lowermost channel in the cochlea.

Back 43

Scala Tympani

Front 44

Caused by noise exposure, disease, head trauma, presbycusis, and ototoxic drugs.

Back 44

Acquired Hearing Loss

Hint 44

Acquired after birth.

Front 45

The absence of oxygen.

Back 45

Anoxia

Front 46

Inflammation of the inner ear. It is associated with vertigo and hearing loss.

Back 46

Labyrinthitis

Hint 46

Inflammation of the inner ear, or labyrinth.

Front 47

An inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain, or spinal cord.

Back 47

Meningitis

Front 48

A hearing loss in which the auditory dysfunction is located along the path of the auditory nerve.

Back 48

Retrocochlear Hearing Loss

Front 49

German measles; sometimes causes congenital hearing loss.

Back 49

Rubella

Front 50

A temporary reduction in hearing sensitivity following exposure to intense noise.

Back 50

Temporary Threshhold Shift

Front 51

Conducts nerve impulses toward the brain.

Back 51

Afferent Pathway

Hint 51

Ascending Tract

Front 52

The inability to recognize auditory stimuli, even though sensitivity may fall within normal limits.

Back 52

Auditory Agnosia

Front 53

A nerve that crosses over from one side of the brainstem or brain to the other.

Back 53

Decussate

Front 54

Conducts nerve impulses away from the brain to the periphery.

Back 54

Efferent Pathway

Hint 54

Descending Tract

Front 55

An intricate relay station through which nerve impulses pass on their way to and from the cortex.

Back 55

Thalamus

Front 56

The threshhold of audibility.

Back 56

Absolute Threshhold

Front 57

Sound first enters the external ear canal, passes across the middle ear as vibration, and then travels to the inner ear.

Back 57

Air Conduction

Hint 57

The normal route of hearing

Front 58

A graph that shows hearing loss (in dB) as a function of stimulus frequency.

Back 58

Audiogram

Front 59

The method by which hearing sensitivity is measured.

Back 59

Audiometry

Hint 59

Pure tones and speech are the most typical signals used in _________.

Front 60

Refers to hearing with two ears.

Back 60

Binaural Hearing

Front 61

Occurs when sound passes to the inner ear through the cranial bones.

Back 61

Bone Conduction

Front 62

The difference (in dB) between the subject's threshhold for that sound and the corresponding normal threshold.

Back 62

Hearing Level

Hint 62

Audiometric Zero

Front 63

Refers to hearing with one ear only.

Back 63

Monaural Hearing

Front 64

The range of sensitivity found whena group of otologically normal individuals is tested.

Back 64

Normal Hearing

Front 65

An interval between two frequencies with a ratio of 2:1.

Back 65

Octave

Front 66

Refers to a situation in which a listener localizes sound in space.

Back 66

Localization

Front 67

Refers to the location, within the head, of an auditory signal presented over earphones.

Back 67

Lateralization

Front 68

A situation in which the acoustic stimuli presented to the ears differ (in frequency, intensity, phase, duration, etc.)

Back 68

Dichotic Listening

Front 69

A situation in which both ears receive identical sounds at the same instant in time.

Back 69

Diotic Listening

Front 70

Refers to the number of decibels that the threshold of one sound is raised by the presend of another sound.

Back 70

Masking