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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
Structure
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Physiology |
Function |
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How is sound produced? |
1. Acoustical--rapidly forcing out particles in the air that set up a sine wave, which is then collected by the pinna and goes through external auditory canal 2. Mechanical--tympanic membrane vibrates and the vibration is transferred into the cochlea by the stapes through the oval window 3. Hydraulic--fluid in perilymph is displaced 4. Chemical--nerve endings (cilia) in cochlea begin to move and create chemical reaction 5. Electrical--cilia sends an electrical signal to the brain to hear |
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How does the stapedius muscle work? |
It contracts to loud sound, attenuates low frequency noise, frequency selection and stiffens tympanic membrane and dampens noise |
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What increases the risk for Otitis Media in children? |
-daycare (prone to agents of infection) -secondhand smoke -genetics (i.e.: Down Syndrome) |
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What are the 3 components of balance? |
-Inner Ear (semicircular canals) -Vision -Proprioception (sense of the relative positioning of parts of the body and the strength of each movement) |
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What are some tests used to measure balance? |
-Electronystagmography (ENG): electrodes, eye movement, tracking, positional tests, calorics -Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP): analyzes movement compensations on moving platform with each eliminated -Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP): evoked potential measurement in response to sound while turning head in different positions (look for asymmetry)
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How many turns does the cochlea have and why? |
It has 2 1/2 turns because otherwise it would be missing hair cells -if cochlea is tonotopically arranged, different parts of the cochlea are more receptive to different frequencies |
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What frequency would be affected on an audiogram if there is a tumor on the outside of the VIII nerve? |
Because it is arranged tonotopically, a high frequency sound would be affected
(outside=high inside=low) |
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What does "Organ of Corti" mean? |
End Organ of Hearing |
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What are some causes of pre-natal hearing loss? |
-hereditary disorders (non-syndromic or syndromic causes) -Rh factor (red blood cells can't carry oxygen to organs in successive pregnancies) -High bilirubin (liver not functioning properly) -Rubella (German Measles) |
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What are some peri-natal causes of hearing loss? |
-Anoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain and ear mechanism) -head trauma during birthing process -prematurity & low birth weight |
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What are some post-natal causes of hearing loss? |
-meningitis -trauma -infection -noise exposure |
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What is Presbyacusis? |
Hearing loss due to aging; can be caused by: -disease -medications -noise exposure -genetic factors |
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What is tympanosclerosis? |
Thickened or scarred tympanic membrane |
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If you see a child with an ear pit/tag, what might that indicate? |
This may be a signal to use an otoscope to view middle ear for possible infection |
