Healthcare Language - Urinary (Chabner, Ch. 7)

Front 1

Urinary System Composed of....

Back 1

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, urinary meatus

Front 2

Purpose of Urinary System

Back 2

Filters nitrogenous waste from the blood and excretes them in urine; maintains balanced body fluids; secretes substances; degrades and eliminates hormones

Front 3

Purpose of Kidneys (Maintain Balanced Body Fluids)

Back 3

Water, acids, electrolytes (sodium and potassium)

Front 4

Purpose of Kidneys: Secrete

Back 4

Renin; erythropoeitin; vitamin D

Front 5

Erythropoeitin (EPO)

Back 5

Hormone secreted by kidneys; stimulates RBC production in bone marrow to improve oxygen carrying capacity

Front 6

Purpose of Kidneys: Degrade and eliminate

Back 6

Urine and parathyroid hormone

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ARteriole

Back 7

Small artery

Front 8

Calyx

Back 8

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

Front 9

Catheter

Back 9

Tube for injecting/removing fluids

Front 10

Cortex

Back 10

Outer region

Front 11

Creatinine

Back 11

Nitrogenous waste excreted

Front 12

Electrolyte

Back 12

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water, necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves

Front 13

Filtration

Back 13

Process by where some substances pass through a filter

Front 14

Glomerular Capsule

Back 14

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus, also called Bowman capsule, collects the material filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

Front 15

Glomerulus

Back 15

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

Front 16

Hilum

Back 16

Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Front 17

Kidney

Back 17

One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

Front 18

Meatus

Back 18

Opening of canal (exit)

Front 19

Medulla

Back 19

Inner region of organs

Front 20

Nephron

Back 20

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in kidney

Front 21

Nitrogenous Waste

Back 21

Substance containing N and excreted in urine

Front 22

Potassium (K)

Back 22

An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood, essential for muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses

Front 23

Reabsorption

Back 23

Process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Front 24

Renal Artery

Back 24

Blood vessel that carries blood to kidney

Front 25

Renal pelvis

Back 25

Central collection region in the kidney

Front 26

Renal Tubule

Back 26

Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Front 27

Renal Vein

Back 27

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

Front 28

Renin

Back 28

Hormone that regulates BP by influencing vasoconstriction

Front 29

Sodium

Back 29

An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

Front 30

Trigone

Back 30

Triangular area in urinary bladder

Front 31

Turbid

Back 31

Cloudy

Front 32

Urea

Back 32

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 33

Ureter

Back 33

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Front 34

Urethra

Back 34

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 35

Uric Acid

Back 35

Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

Front 36

Urinary Bladder

Back 36

Hollow muscular sac that holds urine

Front 37

Urination

Back 37

Process of expelling urine; also called micturation

Front 38

Urine Production

Back 38

Bloodstream --> Glomerulus --> (Filtration) --> Glomerular Capsule --> Renal Tubule --> (urine) --> Renal Pelvis --> Ureter --> Bladder --> Urethra --> Urinary Meatus --> Urine leaves the body

Front 39

Cali/o, Calic/o

Back 39

Calyx

Front 40

Cyst/o

Back 40

Urinary bladder

Front 41

Glomerul/o

Back 41

Glomerulus

Front 42

Meat/o

Back 42

Meatus

Front 43

Nephr/o

Back 43

Kidney

Front 44

Pyel/o

Back 44

Renal pelvis

Front 45

Ren/o

Back 45

Kidney

Front 46

Trigon/o

Back 46

Trigone

Front 47

Ureter/o

Back 47

Ureter

Front 48

Urethr/o

Back 48

Urethra

Front 49

Vesic/o

Back 49

Urinary bladder

Front 50

Albumin/o

Back 50

Albumin

Front 51

Azot/o

Back 51

Nitrogen

Front 52

Bacteri/o

Back 52

Bacteria

Front 53

Dips/o

Back 53

Thirst

Front 54

Kal/o

Back 54

Potassium

Front 55

Ket/o, Keton/o

Back 55

Ketone (Acetone and Ketone Acids)

Front 56

Lith/o

Back 56

Stone

Front 57

Natr/o

Back 57

Sodium

Front 58

Noct/o

Back 58

Night

Front 59

Olig/o

Back 59

Few; scanty

Front 60

-poietin

Back 60

Substance that forms

Front 61

py/o

Back 61

Pus

Front 62

-tripsy

Back 62

Crushing

Front 63

Ur/o

Back 63

Urine or urea

Front 64

Urin/o

Back 64

Urine

Front 65

-uria

Back 65

Urination/Urine condition

Front 66

Urinalysis: Color

Back 66

Normal = slightly yellow; Water = clear; Brown = Blood

Front 67

Urinalysis: Appearance

Back 67

Normal = clear; turbid = pus and bacteria (Infection)

Front 68

Urinalysis: pH

Back 68

Normal = 6.5; Infectious bacteria = more basic

Front 69

Urinalysis: Protein

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Normal = small amounts; Albumin = leak in glomerular membrane

Front 70

Urinalysis: Glucose

Back 70

Glucose + = Diabetes

Front 71

Urinalysis: Specific Gravity

Back 71

Amounts of waste, minerals --> compare density to water

Front 72

Urinalysis: Ketone Bodies

Back 72

Form when body breaks down fat in liver

Front 73

Urinalysis: Sediment and casts

Back 73

Cells, bacteria, crystals = pathological

Front 74

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 74

Substance that accumulates in infants lacking phenylalanine hydroxylase

Front 75

Bilirubin

Back 75

Indicates liver or gallbladder disease

Front 76

Bladder cancer

Back 76

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

Front 77

Diabetes Insipidus

Back 77

ADH is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect

Front 78

Diabetes Mellitus

Back 78

Insulin not secreted or used properly

Front 79

Glomerulonephritis

Back 79

Inflammation fo glomeruli within kidney

Front 80

Interstitial Nephritis

Back 80

Inflammation of connective tissue between renal tubules

Front 81

Nephrolithiasis (Renal Calculi)

Back 81

Kidney stones

Front 82

Nephrosis/Nephrotic Syndrome

Back 82

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Front 83

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Back 83

Multiple cysts within and on the kidney

Front 84

Pyelonephritis

Back 84

Inflammation of the lining of renal pelvis/parenchyma

Front 85

Renal Cell Carcinoma (hypernephroma)

Back 85

Cancerous tumor of kidney (adulthood)

Front 86

Renal Failure

Back 86

Kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function

Front 87

Renal Hypertension

Back 87

High blood pressure resulting form kidney disease

Front 88

Wilms Tumor

Back 88

Malignant tumor of kidney --> childhood

Front 89

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Back 89

Measurements of urea levels in blood

Front 90

Creatinine Clearnace

Back 90

Measurement of rate by which creatinine is cleared by kidneys

Front 91

CT Scan

Back 91

X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues

Front 92

Cystoscopy

Back 92

Direct visualizaiton of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

Front 93

Dialysis

Back 93

Process of separating nitrogenous waste from blood (fake kidneys)

Front 94

Kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

Back 94

X-ray exam; no contrast

Front 95

Lithotripsy

Back 95

Crushing of stones

Front 96

MRI

Back 96

Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

Front 97

Radioisotope Scan

Back 97

Image of kidney, injecting radioisotopes

Front 98

Renal Angioplasty

Back 98

Dilation fo narrowed areas in renal arteries

Front 99

Renal angiography

Back 99

X-ray exam with contrast

Front 100

Renal Biopsy

Back 100

Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

Front 101

Renal Transplantation

Back 101

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Front 102

Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)

Back 102

X-ray imaging of renal pelvis and ureter after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter

Front 103

Ultrasonography

Back 103

Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

Front 104

Urinary Catheterization

Back 104

Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument thorugh the urethra into the urinary bladder

Front 105

Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Back 105

X-ray with contrast of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while patient is voiding

Front 106

ADH

Back 106

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

Front 107

ARF

Back 107

Acute Renal Failure

Front 108

BILI

Back 108

Bilirubin

Front 109

BUN

Back 109

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Front 110

CAPD

Back 110

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Front 111

Cath

Back 111

Catheter, Catheterization

Front 112

CCPD

Back 112

Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis

Front 113

CKD

Back 113

Chronic Kidney Disease

Front 114

Cl-

Back 114

Chloride

Front 115

CRCL

Back 115

Creatinine Clearance

Front 116

CRF

Back 116

Chronic Renal Failure

Front 117

C&S

Back 117

Culture and Sensitivity Testing

Front 118

cysto

Back 118

Cystoscopic Examination

Front 119

ESRD

Back 119

End-Stage Renal Disease

Front 120

ESWL

Back 120

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithrotripsy

Front 121

GFR

Back 121

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Front 122

HCO3-

Back 122

Bicarbonate

Front 123

HD

Back 123

Hemodialysis

Front 124

IC

Back 124

Interstitial Castitis

Front 125

K+

Back 125

Potassium

Front 126

KUB

Back 126

Kidney, Urethara, and Bladder

Front 127

Na+

Back 127

Sodium

Front 128

PD

Back 128

Peritoneal Dialysis

Front 129

pH

Back 129

Potential Hydrogen

Front 130

PKD

Back 130

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Front 131

PKU

Back 131

Phenylketonuria

Front 132

PUL

Back 132

Percutaneous Ultrasonic Lithotripsy

Front 133

RP

Back 133

Retrograde Pyelogram

Front 134

sp gr

Back 134

Specific Gravity

Front 135

UA

Back 135

Urinalysis

Front 136

UTI

Back 136

Urinary Tract Infection

Front 137

VCUG

Back 137

Voiding Cystourethrogram