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72 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Disease

Physical or function disorder of normal body systems that places an individual at an increases risk of adverse consequences

Diagnosis

Identification of an illness or other medical problems by examining the patients signs and symptoms

Clinical diagnostics

Identify diseases by examination of a patients history and by physical examination

Pathologists

Identify disease by examining cells and tissue removed from the body

Radiologists

Identify disease by imaging the intact body

Pathology

The study of links between disease and basic science

Symptoms

The manifestation of an illness perceived by the person affected (the patient)


Subjective

Sign

Conditions of an illness that are observable to other people


Objective (measurable)

Indication

A valid reason to use a particular test or medication

Contraindication

The opposite of an indication, it is a condition or reason to not use a certain medical treatment or test

Vital signs

Indicators of events occurring within the body. Provides information about changes with in the body

Temperature

Normal temperature for an adult is 37℃

Febrile

Fever, above 38℃

Afebrile

Normal temperature

Pulse

Wave of blood flow created by the contraction of the heart


Check be feeling or listening


average BPM is 72-80 adults, 75-110 teens

Palpate

To feel

Auscultation

Using the stethoscope

Tachycardia

Pulse rate that is faster than normal

Bradychardia

Pulse rate slower than normal

Pulse rhythm

Pattern of the pulse

Dysrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat

Pulse volume

Strength of the pulse

Bilateral presence

The pulse on opposite side of the body should be the same (both wrists)

Respiration

One inhalation and exhalation is a complete breath

Rate of respiration

10-20 breaths per minute

Hyperventilation

Increased breath rate

Hypoventilation

Decrease breath rate

Rhythm of respiration

Very breath should be the same, no variation in time and volume

Chrome-Stokes

a type of abnormal respiration, apnea

Quality of respiration

Seen in volume and effort

Dyspnea

Laboured or difficult breathing

Blood pressure

Amount of pressure exerted on the arterial wall as blood pulsates through them


120/80 it lower mmhg

Systolic blood pressure

Pressure exerted on arteries during the contraction of the heart (higher number)

Diastolic blood pressure

Resting pressure on the arteries as the heart relaxes between beats

Prehypertension

Slightly raised blood pressure 121/80 - 139/89

Hypertension

Raised blood pressure 140/90 - 160/100

Hypotension

Lower blood pressure, often a result of shock

Sphygmomanometer

Blood pressure cuff

Pain

Possible. Use, location, duration, rating

Phlebotomy

Tests and procedures that involve an incision into a vein or capillary in order to draw blood

Venipunture

Most common used method where a vein is punctured with a needle specially designed for blood collection

Complete blood count

To detect blood disease, infections, Blood cancers, immune system disorders and clotting problems

W B C difference

To determine the cause of abnormal white blood cells count

Hematocrit

Red blood cells count

Basic metabolic panel (BMP)

Group of tests to measure different chemicals in the plasma of the blood

Lipoprotein panel

test levels of cholesterol in blood

ABO system

Involves three proteins or antigens


a has the a antigen


B has the b antigen


ab has the a and b antigens


O Does not have any antigens

Rn system

Another antigen


If they have it they are positive


If they don't have it they are negative

To donate...

The donor needs to have no antigens or the same antigens



Positive can receive positive and negative



Negative can receive only negative



O- universal donor


AB+ universal receiver

Histopathology

Microscopic study of cells and tissues to study diseases

Biopsy

Sample of the tissue taken from the body for examination

Urinalysis

Physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine

stool test

Provo Dean information about the gastrointestinal system

Electrocardiograph (ECG)

Produces a series of waves that reflect the electrical activity HD the heart

Echocardiogram

Ultrasound of the heart used to check blood vessels

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Records the electrical impulses of the brain

Invasive imaging

Studies are taking by introducing a contrast agent into the body

Non-invasive imaging

Studies are taken from the outside of the body and don't realize a contrast medium

Contrast medium

Substance that allows internal structures to be viewed

Fluoroscopy

Imaging process using a catheter to inject contrast media into the coronary artery. Rapid x-ray pictures are taken to show the coronary arteries and it's branches



To view plaque or blockages

Radiography

X-rays to view dense material and bones

Barium x-rays

Allows the gastrointestinal track to be viewed

Mammography

X-rays used to view breast tissues

MRI

Creates detailed and clear cross sectional anatomical images

CAT or CT scan

Transfer cross-sectional anatomical images of the body


3D reconstruction

Sonography

Ultrasound, organs and babies

PET scan

Track the spread of cancer, brain activity, tracks the metabolism of cells

Prenatal test

Ultrasound to amniocentesis


Help identify and possibly treat problems that could endanger the baby and mother



High risk pregnancies

Multiple marker test

Blood screening, reveals spins biffs or down syndrome

Newborn screening test

Blood test soon after the baby is born, reveals sickle-cell disease or cystic fibrosis

Bilirubin level

Jaundice, if it gets to high can cause brain damage

Women's pulse rate is ____ then men's

Faster