Health Psychology- Qz 2

Front 1

Define

Homeostasis

what's a threat to this?
Who coined the term?

Back 1

bio, social, & cognitive functioning has to occur within a set of limits

change, disablement = threat

Cannon

Front 2

What does the physical & psych stress reaction reflect?

Back 2

Person's attempt to return to homeostasis

Front 3

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

-Who came up with it?
-what are the 3 phases?
-what kind of system is this

Back 3

Selye

"one system" model of stress

1. Alarm
2. Adaptation
3. Exhaustion

Front 4

A person is stressed and feels hungrier earlier than usual. What is this an example of?

Back 4

how high levels or prolonged periods of stress can drain our homeostatic reserve

Front 5

Describe the 2 systems in the brain:

Medial & Lateral

Back 5

medial system - designed to acknowledge the familiar, sense of continuity & control

Lateral - recog dissonance, potential threat, novelty, & disagreement

Front 6

What is triggered when an event occurs that violates a person's cognitive baseline?

Back 6

an emotional reaction

Front 7

What does a person's emotional reaction to a given event reflect?

Back 7

-their perceptions
-expectations
-and history w/similar events

Front 8

What do emotional responses reflect?

Back 8

the person's psych & bx'l actions after the initial emotional reaction to a stressor

Front 9

What is the sequence of the 2-system model?

Back 9

Stressor -> Perception ->
1. Ant Pituit - adren cortex - glucocorticoids
2. Symp NS - Adren Medulla - NEPI/EPI

Front 10

Autonomic Nervous System

- role?
- structures?

Back 10

-lgly self regulating, attempt to maintain optimal physical homeostasis

PNS, SNS (pituitary, limbic, hypothalamic)

Front 11

Pituitary Gland

Back 11

the master gland of the endocrine system; regulates internal environ diffusely

Front 12

Limbic- hypothalamic networks

Back 12

primarily responsible for ANS operation

limbic - interface btwn cortical perceptual, cognitive, & historical info

Hypothalamic- monitors & regulates ANS activities

Front 13

Parasympathetic NS

-where does it stem from?
- what is it involved in?

Back 13

cranio-sacral/cervico-sacral

digestion, healing, sexual functioning, temp regulation, emotional expression

Front 14

Sympathetic NS

- where is it on the spine?
-what is it involved in?

Back 14

Thoraco-lumbar

launches efforts to return to a violated homeostasis, fight/flight, arousal, stress response (primarily)

Front 15

Autonomic Balance

Back 15

an old notion of a person's predisposition to respond using either the SNS or PNS. The ratio was termed "A-bar"

Front 16

What NT does the PNS rely on?

Back 16

ACh

Front 17

What NT does SNS rely on?

Back 17

NEPI and EPI

Front 18

The Stress Response

Hypothalamus--> Pituitary (____) ->Adrenal Cortex (_____) & Adrenal Medulla (______)

Back 18

Pituitary Gland secretes ACTH
Adrenal Cortex secretes glucocorticoids
Adrenal Medulla secretes Adrenalin

Front 19

What is the purpose of glucocorticoids?

Back 19

secreted by adrenal cortex

-mobilize sugar resources from body fat, reducing inflammation w/injury, promote healing

Front 20

What is the purpose of Adrenalin?

Back 20

secreted by adrenal medulla

-inc'ing sugar utilization blood pressure, heart rate, alertness, contracting peripheral blood vessels

Front 21

What are some pathological responses to chronic stress?

Back 21

Obsession
Sensitization
One-Trial Learning
Invalidism
Psychosomatic/Psychophysical Disorders

Front 22

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

One-trial Learning

Back 22

-often in ppl w/severe/unusual traumas

-demonstrates hypervigilance, hyper-reactivity
-baseline = unreliable, tense

Front 23

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Sensitization

Back 23

-reverse tolerance of some stresses
-one to many annoying event --> now very irritating
-can usually figure out problems, but social pressure, embarrassment, & self-concept can eventually paralyze
-often anxiety disorder or depression

Front 24

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Obsession

Back 24

-rptd severe stresses --> now preoccupied

-usually induced by a physical (often hypothalamic and limbic mech)

-compulsions can occur

Front 25

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Invalidism

Back 25

-person rptdly tries to cope & fails, becomes dependdent on others
-dvlps cognitive "set" of failure
-difficult to work with
Severe: ID or dissociative disorders

Front 26

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Psychosomatic or Psychophysical Disorders

Back 26

stress hormone leads to health threats

Specific Attitude Hypothesis reflects this idea

Front 27

Specific Attitude Hypothesis

Back 27

psychosomatic medicine idea that certain character profiles are assoc w/personality

Front 28

What are all of these examples of?

Weak Organ Hypothesis
Recurrent Activation Hypothesis
Constitutional Hypothesis
Specific Attitude Hypothesis

Back 28

theories of the etiology of psychophysical disorders

Front 29

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Physical Diseases

Back 29

including dementia
-kidney damage
-chronic pain syndromes
-heart attack/stroke
etc

Front 30

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Growth Related

Back 30

suppression of growth hormone (dwarfism); failure to thrive

Front 31

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Libidinal & Repro Dysfunction

Back 31

-loss of libido

"Bruce-Parkes" effect - spontaneous abortion of fetus

Front 32

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Poor Aging & Autoimmune Fxtion'ing

Back 32

prolonged/severe stress leads person to burn out faster (early neuron death)

-decline in cognitive abilities, skin quality, injured cells

Front 33

Pathological Responses to Chronic Stress

Clinical implications

Back 33

Good relaxation training


Be wary of hypnosis (can aggravate stress response)

Front 34

What are the Transtheoretical Model's 5 Stages of Change?

Back 34

Precontemplation
Contemplating
Preparation
Action
Maintenance

Front 35

Describe

Preparation

Back 35

-intending to take action in next month; combines intention & bx criteria
-past failed attempt

Pop: actively planning change & may be taking steps

Front 36

Describe

Precontemplation

Back 36

No intention to change bx for at least next 6 months

Pop: ppl unaware of the problem, ppl who know about the probelm but aren't considering change

Front 37

Describe

Contemplation

Back 37

-Aware of a problem & thinking about it, but no firm commitment for action (intend to change in 6 months)

Pop: open to feedback & info but ambivalent about costs & benefits of their Bx

Pop: i

Front 38

Describe

Action

Back 38

-start modifying Bx, experiences, or environ
-overt bx'l changes

-change has lasted less than 6 months

Front 39

Describe

Maintenance

Back 39

-work to prevent relapse & consolidate gain
-resisting temptation to relapse

-6+ weeks since initial bx change (smoking - 6 months)

Front 40

Describe

Decisional Balance

Back 40

-pros/cons of change
-this changes w/each stage
-influ'd by culture, religion, language

Therapy: explicitly explore Pros/Cons, Edu

Front 41

Describe

Self-Efficacy

Back 41

Perceived ability to perform a task

Predicts future bx if adequate incentives & skills

Impacted by: early experiences, parenting

Front 42

What models have been offered to help ppl become change their LOC?

Back 42

-Precaution-Adoption Process Model
-Health Belief Model
-Theory of Reasoned Action
-Differential Association Reinforcement Theory

Front 43

What is the most important character trait for a person to have in order to make change?

Back 43

Self-Efficacy

Front 44

Stages of the:

Precaution Adoption Process Model (P-AP)

Back 44

1. Unaware of issue
2. Unengaged by issue
3. Deciding about acting
4. Decided not to act
5. Decided to act
6. Acting
7. Maintenance

Front 45

What are the stages of the

Health Belief Model?

Back 45

Susceptibility
Severity
Costs/Benefits
Cues/Motivation
Barriers

Front 46

Which model is becoming more popular because of its ability to incorporate cultural factors?

Back 46

Health Belief Model

Front 47

Describe

Susceptibility

Back 47

Health Belief Model

How likely one think a bad outcome is if bx persists

Front 48

Describe the stages of

The Theory of Reasoned Action

Back 48

Intentions
Attitudes
Beliefs/outcome expectancies
Values
Subjective Norms
Beliefs about what others think you should do
Motivation to comply

Front 49

Describe the

Theory of Planned Behavior

Back 49

Past Behavior
Perceived Bx Control/LOC/Self Efficacy
Perceived value of outcome

Front 50

Describe

Differential Assoc Reinforcement Theory

Back 50

Differential assoc w/others
Imitation of Models
Differential Reinforcement
Exposure & Adoption of Eval Defs
Bxl Consequences

Front 51

Describe

Differential Reinforcement

Back 51

Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Punishment
Negative punishment

Reinforcement- bx inc's
Positive= present something
Negative= take something away
Punishment= bx dec's

Front 52

Describe

Imitation of Models

Back 52

Walk the talk!