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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does treatment
efficacy refer to? What is an efficacious treatment |
efficacy=ability to produce a desired effect
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Be familiar with the fact that the effects of medicines and other treatments are not constant (i.e. time-‐invariant).
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ok
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What is a
chronotype and what are the two main chronotypes that were discussed in class? |
different times of the day when certain things happen-morningness and eveningness are 2 example. when we eat, sleep, tempurate, alertness
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What is
social jetlag ? When is it most likely to occur |
biological rhythms are not assigned with social rhythms-sleeping in on weekends
also linked with obesity |
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Which chronotype likely experiences more social jetlag under ordinary circumstances
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what
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What are some of the major biological and psychological rhythms connected to morningness
-‐eveningness? |
obesity, procrastination, low self control=eveningness
positive affect=morningness |
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What are some of the pathological or negative outcomes associated with
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idk
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Over the course of the lifespan when is social jetlag less of a problem, and when is it the
worst? |
okok
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What is a
zeitgeber ? What is a zeitstorer ? |
a zeitgeber is something that sets or trains the biological clock/rhythm (sun, eating, sleep)
zeitstorer are things that disrupt the biological clock/rhythms (working hours/sleeping in on weekends) |
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What is a
social zeitgeber |
social cues that set biological clocks
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What is social chronobiology
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the effect of social stimuli on biological clock
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What is Myron Hofer’s argument about
cohabitation/relationships, circadian rhythms/self -‐ regulation, and bereave |
People in relationships regulate when eachother sleep, eat, activity cycles. "hidden regulations"
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According to social zeitgeber theory, what is one of the contributors to drastic mood swings
in people with bipolar disorder |
because life events screw up their biological clocks
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Why might someone with bipolar disorder experience great difficulty with travel and/or
extended time away from home (e.g., a touring musician or traveling salesperson)? |
they screw up their biological clock that is already messed up!
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Be familiar with the psychological processes discussed in class that may or likely vary over
the circadian cycle (i.e. |
hot cold empathy gap
misattribution alliesthesia |
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What is
perseverative cognition/behavior? |
worried and ruminating thinking and acting as a response to stress
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Be familiar with the “standard definition” of pain, presented in class, and the fact that there
is feedback between the sensory and affective components of pain |
sensory and emotional experience of discomfort usually caused by tissue damage
feedback between sense and emotion |
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which side of pain does morphine act upon?
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the emotional
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What are examples of cognitive influences on pain
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huh
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Is pain adaptive? Can it be maladaptive? What is the main danger of not having a functional
sense of pain. |
yes it is adaptive. without pain you hurt yourself. but chronic pain is maladaptive-suicidal.
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Why is pain sometimes considered a disease in its own right?
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meh
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What is allodynia? What is the difference between allodynia and hyperalgesia?
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allydonia=pain from stimulus that does not usually give pain-touch, tempurature
hyperalgesia is an abnormally hightened sensitivity to pain. |
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Why is pain management and therapy for people who are in chronic pain so important?
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whaat
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Be familiar with the fact that there is a lot of overlap in the neural circuitry for pain and
that of depression |
uh
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What is the difference between somatogenic
and psychogenic pain? |
somatogenic=known usually localized pain with cause
psychogenic pain=pain with no known physical cause. all in your head but still hurts a lot |
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If a person is experiencing “psychogenic pain” does it mean that their pain isn’t real and
that they are imagining? |
it is real but psychologically.
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Know the difference between acute and chronic
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acute=immediate pain that is brought on to alert person of problem. start sweating, increase blood pressure. stops after chemicals leave area that made the pain happen. creates fear, anxiety, unrest.
chronic=lasts at least 6 months. happens over time, depression, helplessness, hopelessness |
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What is neuropathic pain? Why is it so harmful and dangerous?
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it causes nociceptors to continue to alert person of pain but the stimulus is greater than the actual problem. it is continual. caused by a disease or lesion.
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What is referred pain? What is phantom limb
pain? What is one of the ways to treat phantom limb pain shown in the documentary watched in class? |
referred pain=pain that is in an area different from where the problem actually is
use the mirror box |
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Are there sex differences in pain sensitivity? (If so, what are they?)
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women more sensitive-varies over menstrual cycle. strongest pain in luteal phase.
however, less data on women. also, is it biological or social? |
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What is the somatosensory homunculus? What is the difference between the homunculus and “hermunculus”?
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the homunculus is the diagram showing what parts of the body hae the most motor and sensory awareness/use. big hands and lips
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are there circadian rhythms in pain sensitivity?
If so, when is pain sensitivity the greatest? |
yes-lowest pain sensitivity in morning 4 am
highest around 6 pm newer study found heightened 2-10 am |
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Is there any evidence of seasonal/yearly
rhythms in pain sensitivity? |
yes-peaks in jan/feb and oct/nov
lower in summer |
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If so,
what time of the year does pain seem to be the greatest? What are the variables discussed in class that may drive this rhythm? |
jan/feb, oct/nov
why? flu, feeling cold, less vitamin D levels? more depressed? |