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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What does treatment
efficacy refer to? What is an efficacious treatment
efficacy=ability to produce a desired effect
Be familiar with the fact that the effects of medicines and other treatments are not constant (i.e. time-­‐invariant).
ok
What is a
chronotype
and what are the two main chronotypes that were discussed in
class?
different times of the day when certain things happen-morningness and eveningness are 2 example. when we eat, sleep, tempurate, alertness
What is
social jetlag
? When is it most likely to occur
biological rhythms are not assigned with social rhythms-sleeping in on weekends
also linked with obesity
Which chronotype likely experiences more social jetlag under ordinary circumstances
what
What are some of the major biological and psychological rhythms connected to morningness
-­‐eveningness?
obesity, procrastination, low self control=eveningness
positive affect=morningness
What are some of the pathological or negative outcomes associated with
idk
Over the course of the lifespan when is social jetlag less of a problem, and when is it the
worst?
okok
What is a
zeitgeber
? What is a
zeitstorer
?
a zeitgeber is something that sets or trains the biological clock/rhythm (sun, eating, sleep)
zeitstorer are things that disrupt the biological clock/rhythms (working hours/sleeping in on weekends)
What is a
social zeitgeber
social cues that set biological clocks
What is social chronobiology
the effect of social stimuli on biological clock
What is Myron Hofer’s argument about
cohabitation/relationships, circadian rhythms/self
-­‐
regulation, and bereave
People in relationships regulate when eachother sleep, eat, activity cycles. "hidden regulations"
According to social zeitgeber theory, what is one of the contributors to drastic mood swings
in people with bipolar disorder
because life events screw up their biological clocks
Why might someone with bipolar disorder experience great difficulty with travel and/or
extended time away from home (e.g., a touring musician or traveling salesperson)?
they screw up their biological clock that is already messed up!
Be familiar with the psychological processes discussed in class that may or likely vary over
the circadian cycle (i.e.
hot cold empathy gap
misattribution
alliesthesia
What is
perseverative cognition/behavior?
worried and ruminating thinking and acting as a response to stress
Be familiar with the “standard definition” of pain, presented in class, and the fact that there
is feedback between the sensory and affective components of pain
sensory and emotional experience of discomfort usually caused by tissue damage
feedback between sense and emotion
which side of pain does morphine act upon?
the emotional
What are examples of cognitive influences on pain
huh
Is pain adaptive? Can it be maladaptive? What is the main danger of not having a functional
sense of pain.
yes it is adaptive. without pain you hurt yourself. but chronic pain is maladaptive-suicidal.
Why is pain sometimes considered a disease in its own right?
meh
What is allodynia? What is the difference between allodynia and hyperalgesia?
allydonia=pain from stimulus that does not usually give pain-touch, tempurature

hyperalgesia is an abnormally hightened sensitivity to pain.
Why is pain management and therapy for people who are in chronic pain so important?
whaat
Be familiar with the fact that there is a lot of overlap in the neural circuitry for pain and
that of depression
uh
What is the difference between somatogenic
and psychogenic pain?
somatogenic=known usually localized pain with cause
psychogenic pain=pain with no known physical cause. all in your head but still hurts a lot
If a person is experiencing “psychogenic pain” does it mean that their pain isn’t real and
that they are imagining?
it is real but psychologically.
Know the difference between acute and chronic
acute=immediate pain that is brought on to alert person of problem. start sweating, increase blood pressure. stops after chemicals leave area that made the pain happen. creates fear, anxiety, unrest.

chronic=lasts at least 6 months. happens over time, depression, helplessness, hopelessness
What is neuropathic pain? Why is it so harmful and dangerous?
it causes nociceptors to continue to alert person of pain but the stimulus is greater than the actual problem. it is continual. caused by a disease or lesion.
What is referred pain? What is phantom limb
pain? What is one of the ways to treat
phantom limb pain shown in the documentary watched in class?
referred pain=pain that is in an area different from where the problem actually is

use the mirror box
Are there sex differences in pain sensitivity? (If so, what are they?)
women more sensitive-varies over menstrual cycle. strongest pain in luteal phase.
however, less data on women.
also, is it biological or social?
What is the somatosensory homunculus? What is the difference between the homunculus and “hermunculus”?
the homunculus is the diagram showing what parts of the body hae the most motor and sensory awareness/use. big hands and lips
are there circadian rhythms in pain sensitivity?
If so, when is pain sensitivity the greatest?
yes-lowest pain sensitivity in morning 4 am
highest around 6 pm
newer study found heightened 2-10 am
Is there any evidence of seasonal/yearly
rhythms in pain sensitivity?
yes-peaks in jan/feb and oct/nov
lower in summer
If so,
what time of the year does pain seem to be
the greatest? What are the variables
discussed in class that may drive this rhythm?
jan/feb, oct/nov
why? flu, feeling cold, less vitamin D levels?
more depressed?