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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an eating disorder?
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A serious and habitual disturbance in eating behavior that produces unhealthy consequences.
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What happens in the body when it digests food?
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It digests food and turns it into usable proteins, fats, carbs, vitamins and minerals.
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Where does the food go once it leaves the digestive system?
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The body takes the food absorbs it into the digestive system and transports it into the cells through the bloodstream. This provides energy, growth, maintainence, and repair.
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What do the salivary glands do?
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They furnish the moisture that allows the food to be tasted. Without moisture the tastebuds don't function.
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What is an interesting fact about swollowing?
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Swollowing is voluntary, but once the food reaches the pharynx and the esophagus it becomes involuntary.
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What is peristalic movement?
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The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the circular muscles of the structures in the digestive system.
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What happens to the food during the processes of peristalic movement?
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These movements mix with juices in the stomach, and food to create a mixture to absorb in the small intestine. Then Pancreatic juices are added. Once the stuff is absorbed the rest is discarded.
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What organs break down fat?
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The liver and the gallbladder.
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What body system has the most diseases and disorders?
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The digestive system.
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When does stable weight occur?
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When calories consumed are equal to those expended by the body's metabolism and physical activity.
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What is Leptin?
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A hormone produced by tissue (fat) that acts on receptors in the central nervous system as a part of a signaling system that is involved in long term weight regulation.
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What do low levels of Leptin signal?
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Eating responses.
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What is insulin?
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Another weight maintainance hormone that allows body cells to take in glucose for their use.
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What does low insulin =?
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diabetes
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What does high insulin =?
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More insulin than the cells can handle so it turns into fat.
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What is the hypothalamus?
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An area of the brain that sends signals of fullness.
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What is Ghrelin?
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A hormone that is produced in the stomach and its levels rise and fall before and after meals. It is involved in short term regulation of food by prompting eating
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What is Cholecystokinin (CKK)
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A hormone that makes you feel full.
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What was Key's experimental starvation?
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During WWII men opted to get out of the military by participating in an experiment where researchers manipulated their food.
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What were some of the effects of Key's experimental starvation?
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Irritability, apathy, aggression, food obsession.
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What was Sim's experimental overeatting?
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An experiment where inmates volunteered to overeat--physical activity was restrained.
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What were some of the effects of Sim's experimental overeatting?
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People had to force themselves to eat, which led to them being uncomfortable and dread eating.
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Is there one way to define obesity?
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No.
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What was the deal with obesity before1920?
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Then thinness meant you were poor and that was unattractive.
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What are some possible reasons for the obesity epidemic?
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Increase in fast food, growing portions, decreases in activity.
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What does the "setpoint model argue?
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That weight is regulated around a setpoint; a type of internal thermostat when there are rises and falls the body tries to get back to that certain point.
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What does the "genetic model" argue?
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That humans have evolved a metabolism that tends to store fat which now that food is readily available leads to obesity.- Studies show strong heredity for eating habits--however it cannot be all genetic.
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What does the "positive incentive" model argue?
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That the positive reinforcers of eating have consequences. --Personal pleasure, social context, biological factors.
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What are some factors that increase eating?
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Culture, social settings, advertizing, and availability.
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What is the spatial relationship between weight and poor health?
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It is U-shaped. -The heaviest and thinnest people have the poorest health?
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People who carry their weight in their middle are at greater risk than who?
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Those who carry their weight in their hips and theighs.
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What percentage of overweight people were dieting in the 60s?
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Only 10%
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What percentage of overweight people are currently dieting?
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62%
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What are some different approaches to weight loss?
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Reducing portion size, restriction of certain foods, increased excercise, fasting, and pills and surgery.
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What do behavior modification programs do in weight loss?
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They combine eating and excercise as well as awareness to encourage loss.
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What happens to metabolic rate when food intake decreases?
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It slows down-- so excercise is important.
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What is the difference between current and old diet pills?
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Diet pills used to be amphetamines, but the results are short lived, and addiction is high, now new forms of these pills are out.
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What are some alternative methods to dieting and excercise?
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Pills, lipo, lapband, gastric bipass, laxatives, fasting, and purging.
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What is anorexia?
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The lack of appetite do to a nervous of psychological problem.
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What is bulimia?
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A continuous or morbid hunger that can often lead to binging and purging.
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What are some commonalities of binge eating, bulimia, and anorexia?
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Body dissatisfaction, preoccupation with food, weight and shape.
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How does the APA define Anorexia?
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Intentional weight loss to a point that the person weighs less than 85% of the weight considered normal, along with a fear of being fat, a distorted body image and irregular periods.
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What are two types of anorexia?
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Those that restrict and those that purge.
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What is one major difference between bulimics and anorexics?
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Bulimics use purging to maintain normal weight, anorexics purge to lose weight.
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Anorexia is most common among?
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White upper middle class women.
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What percentage of men are anorexic?
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About 10%
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What percentage of all anorexics die of anorexia?
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Between 5-10%-- most from cardiac arythmia.
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What type of drug can be used to treat anorexia?
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Prozac.
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What is the APA's definition of bulimia?
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Recurrent episodes of binge eating, a sense of lack of control over eating, and inappropriate drastic measures to compensate for the binge.
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Who is most likely to be bulimic?
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Women--equal across ethnicities.
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What percentage of men are bulimic?
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5%
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Is anorexia or bulimia more common??
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Bulimia is much more common.
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What is the outcome for bulimics?
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It is not often fatal but it can lead to massive amounts of sugar intake which lead to hypoglycemia, not often eating a balanced diet= poor nutrition, its expensive, damaged teeth and mouth, anemia ETC.
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What is a binge eating disorder?
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Out of control eating at least twice a week for at least 6 months as well as feelings of lack of control and distress over eating behaviors.
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Who commonly suffers from binge eating disorders?
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Women--HOWEVER, this disorder is much more common among men than any other disorder is for men.
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Which is the most common eating disorder?
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Binge eating disorder by far.
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