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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is the Canadian population expected to change over the next 50 years? What impact does this have? |
More and more people living over the age of one hundred due to advances in medicine More people in the hospital, more cancer patients. |
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Describe the details of the Nun study. Who did they test? What did they measure? How did they divide participants? What did they find? What does it mean? What were the limitations of the study? |
700 nuns Submitted autobiographies when they entered the convent; similar background, education level, and lifestyle in the convent Looked at number positive words in autobiography and mortality rate 60 years later Greater mortality rate in those who had used fewer positive words. Implies a possible association between positive thinking and mortality rates. Limitations: did not account for writing skills, only used nuns (a specific population) for the study, based off of only 1 stage in their lives, mental illnesses, diseases, and trauma not accounted for |
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Applied: Georgian is a very positive person whereas Rita is not. How does this impact their longevity? |
Georgian is expected to live longer than Rita |
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Describe the details of the study by Greer et al 1979. Who did they test? What did they measure? How did they divide participants? What did they find? What does it mean? What were the limitations of the study? |
57 women with breast cancer; had undergone a mastectomy Gave them a questionaire asking how they were coping with the cancer Looked at survival outcomes 5 years later Best survival rates among patients with a fighting spirit Limitations: not many people in the study, and not many people died, subjective measures |
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Describe the details of the study by Coyne et al 2007. Who did they test? What did they measure? How did they divide participants? What did they find? What does it mean? What were the limitations of the study? |
Similar study to Greer et al but used 1093 people with head and neck cancer Found no correlation between having a fighting spirit and survival rate |
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Compare and contrast the studies by Greer and Coyne. Which study was better and why? What does this mean about adopting a “fighting spirit” for cancer prognosis? |
Coyne's study was much better because it had used a much larger population, while using a very similar method to the Greer's study. This means that a "fighting spirit" is not required for cancer survival. |
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Applied: Bart is diagnosed with cancer. He is committed to maintaining a positive attitude throughout his treatment. How does this affect his longevity? |
It most likely will have no effect on his longevity for the most part. |
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Why might the encouragement of a “fighting spirit” by clinicians be detrimental to the patient? |
Those will low self esteem will be negatively affected by the encouragement. It will remind them of their bad situation. |
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What are affirmations? Provide three examples. |
Positive statements about yourself |
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Do university students use affirmations? If so, how frequently do they use them? |
Yes, around 52% use frequent, 8% use daily. |
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Describe the details of the study that examined the effect of affirmations on mood. Who did they test? What did they measure? What were the conditions? What did they find? What does it mean? What were the limitations of the study? |
Divided 68 undergraduate students into two groups: a positive- self statement group and a control group Both groups had to do a 4 minute writing task; mood was accessed after the task. Those who had high self esteem felt better after the writing task, while those with low self esteem felt much worse after. This suggests that affirmations may only benefit those with high self esteem. Affirmations may make those with low self esteem feel even worse. Limitations: subjective measures of mood, only used uni students |
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Applied: Cali has low self-esteem. When diagnosed with cancer, her clinician encourages her to adopt a “fighting spirit”. How might this impact her mood? |
Might make her feel worse about herself |
