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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Health Psychology
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psychological influences on how ppl stay healthy, when they get sick, and how they respond to sickness. - “on health and illness”
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What a health psychologist studies
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how ppl stay healthy over time (health promotion, doing good stuff)
how ppl become ill - the etiology - exchange between how our emotions affect our health how ppl respond when they become ill (what do we do when we're sick? do we self mediate? go to a doctor? go to work? do u return to the doctor? practice: -help physicians use a biopsychosocial approach -social work -occupational therapy -dietetics -physical therapy -public health -support groups for dealing with disease -educational interventions research: -evaluate programs -administer health agencies -chart progress of disease and develop interventions |
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health (WHO)
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a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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wellness
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balance between physical, mental and social well-being - an optimum state of health
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history of health psychology
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ancient greeks and hypocrates developed theory of humors of illness
- blood: passion - black bile: sadness - yellow bile: anger - phlegm: laidback middle ages: disease is god's punishment renaissance: mind and body are separate. microscope. autopsy. cellular pathology freud: conversion hysteria: unconscious conflicts symbolized in disease psychosomatic medicine: disorders that are caued by emotional conflicts. (hyperthyroid, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, asthma, ulcers) |
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areas of biopsychosocial health
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health promotion and maintenance
health prevention and treatment of illness etiology and correlations of health improving the health care system and formulating health policy |
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problems with biomedical model
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biomedical model: illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic bodily processes, such as biochemical imbalances or neurophysiological abnormalities
1) reductionistic 2) assumes mind-body dualism 3) emphasize illness over health 4) let's fix it strategy |
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advantages of biopsychosocial model
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both macrolevel (social/psychological) and microlevel (cells/genes)
addresses both mind and body systems theory - all parts of body are linked to each other. treating one can hurt another (i.e. side effects of medication and depression bc of mastectomy) |
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clinical implications of the biopsychosocial model
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diagnosis and treatment include all three
address patient/practitioner relationship: PATIENT-focused. focus on why they don't take their pills and their family. optimism focus on personalities that are prone to disease |
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acute vs chronic illnesses
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acute: short-term. infections usually. cure or die. ex: tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc.
chronic: slowly developing. can't be cured but only managed (ex: heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity) chronic have psychological/social factors which u can address ahead of time they affect each other caused by behaviors - alcohol, diet, smoking |
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reasons for rise in health psychology
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-rise of chronic disorders
-advances in technology (having to deal with cancer risk or assisted suicide in case of disease) -role of epidemiology (dealing with low-mortality high-morbidity diseases that hurt but don't kill you -expanded health care services. ppl spend lots more. there are disparities, so prevention is good bc it's cost-effective - increased medical acceptance - health psych research (MD's and nurses don't really do research) role of theory - theories create guidelines for research/intervention -role of theory (more abstract than most medical science. guides future research with things like theory of planned behavior and stages model. -experiments, correlational studies, prospective research (looking forward in time to see how a group of people change), longitudinal research (prospective research where same ppl are observed over time), retrospective research (post-hoc analysis) |
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epidemiology
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study of the frequency, distribution and causes of infectious and noninfectious disease in the population. the SOURCE, TRANSMISSION and CONSEQUENCES
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morbidity
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# of cases of a disease
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mortality
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# of deaths
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etiology
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the causes of the disease
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