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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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exercise psychology
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study of the influence that sport and exercise have on one's psychology and behaviour
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sports psychology
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"mind to body"-the study of the psych influence on psychological factors on sport behaviour" "body to mind" relationship
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difference between exercise and sports psychology
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the populations they serve, the type of physical activity, and the goals of the activity
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5 components of health between death and perfect health (Greenberg and Pargman)
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mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and social
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active leisure
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a positive experience, hobbies, playing music, exercise
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passive leisure
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listening to music, daydreaming
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exercise statistics
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more women exercise than men 3x a week highest: men 15-19 (73%), lowest: women over 65 (47%)
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most common physical activities
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1) walking
2) home exercise 3) biking 4) swimming 5) jogging 6) weight training 7) fishing 8) baseball/softball |
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study comparing health of canadian adolescents to that of adolescents in 10 european countries
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decrease in % of canadians exercising two or more times outside of school, but an increase in intensive exercise more than 4 hrs/week. may be due to a movement toward more structured activities (team/club activities) , canadian youths were ranked in the mid range
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isometric activity
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exercise that involves the contraction of a muscle group against an immovable object without movement in the body
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iotonic exericise
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exercise that involves using weights or calisthenics to place tension on the muscle through the shortening or lengthening of the muscle group
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isokinetic exercise
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exercise that involves placing tension on a muscle group through a complete range of motion, most efficient for developing muscle strength and endurance
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anaerobic
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exercise, such as sprinting, in which intense effort is expended over a short period of time, resulting in an oxygen debt
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aerobic exercise
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such as jogging, that involves the increased consumption of oxygen over an extended period of time
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anaerobic exercise
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exercise such as sprinting in which intense effort is expended over a short period of time, resulting in oxygen debt (i.e. running to a base in baseball)
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self esteem/self-concept
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may not be necessary to know the exact variables that influence one's self esteem, but the perception of change, small but significant changes, larger for those who experienced an actual increase in fitness.
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self-efficacy
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an individual's perception of his or her ability to succeed at a particular task at a specific time. different from self confidence that is a global trait associated with overall performance expectations. one can be confident that they will be unsuccessful, SE involves an affirmation of performance capabilities
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sources of efficacy expectations
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performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, emotional arousal
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performance accomplishments
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actual experiences of mastery, considered to be the most influential source of self-efficay
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vicarious experience
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experience that is gained through observing or visualizing others perform a skill, which can alert one to one's own capabilities and raise one's sense of self efficacy
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verbal persuasion
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to verbally persuade others that they have the skills to perform a particular task-that is, to talk them into it , can result in sustained and increased effort utility is predicted on a sense of realism (to promote an unrealistic sense of confidence in an individual who does not possess the necessary skills will likely result in a performance failure that serves to decrease SE and faith in verbal persuasion
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emotional arousal
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a source of efficacy expectation by which individuals assess their emotional level and evaluate their capabilities accordingly: for example, high levels of emotion may be thought to be debilitating and predictive in failure
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sources of efficacy from highest to lowest
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performance, vicarious, verbal, emotional
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exercise and cognitive functioning
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exercise, due to effect on the CNS, will initially improve attentional processes, however, as intensity or duration of the exercise increases, this will be negated by the effects of increasing muscular fatigue
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meta-analysis by Etnier
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further examined, concluded that acute exercise will have little impact on cognition, whereas chronic exercise that produces gains in fitness will improve cognition
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anxiety & arousal and exercise
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anxiety decreases in a linear fashion during exercise, whereas arousal increasing during exercise and decreases notably afterwards, effect is for both state and trait anxiety, anxiety is reduced both during and following exercise
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depression and physical activity
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phys activity can decrease non-clinical depression, both aerobic and anaerobic helpful, no evidence that it can help prevent relapse acute and chronic,
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cancer and phys activity
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+ corr, especially for men
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psychological methods in sport
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techniques such as relaxation, goal setting, and imagery which are used to develop psychological skills
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psychological skills in sports
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arousal or attentional control implemented to enhance performance
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relaxation and exercise
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PMR for physiological components, mental rehearsal and self-talk for cognitive
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REBT
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therapy w/ self-talk, modifying irrational thoughts by identifying patterns of faulty reasoning
absolute thinking "all or nothing" overgeneralization-drawing conclusions based on a single event catastrophization-ciewing minor concenrs as disasters |
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those who avoid exercise
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low frustration tolerance, fear of failing, REBT helps these people
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