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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Principles of Teaching - Learning
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- process facilitated by helping relationship
- knowledge of communication process to assess verbal and nonverbal feedback - thorough assessment affecting learning to address needs - more effective if involved in planning process - proposed changes should be realistic |
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subcutaneous injections
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- given in subQ layer (adipose tissue)
- special insulin/tuberculin syringes - only small amounts (less than/equal to 1 mL) - use 1 mL syringe; 25- or 27g; <1" needle (usu. 3/8 or 5/8) - pinch skin to inject - insert at 45 degrees for avg. to thin weight; 90 deg. for obese - sites: outer aspect of upper arms, abdomen, anterior aspects of thighs, or scapular area of upper back |
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Z-track
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technique for intramuscular injections
DAIWR - Displace - Aspirate - Inject (wait 10 sec) - Withdraw - Release (Deliver All Injections With Responsibility) |
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intradermal injections
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- given into dermis
- usually TB or allergy testing - only small amount given (0.01 to 0.1 mL) - use 1 mL syringe; 25- or 28g; 1/4 to 5/8" needle - create a wheal or bleb - insert at 5-15 degree angle, bevel up - sites: ventral surface of forearm, upper back, or upper chest |
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intramuscular injections
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- given into muscular area
- dose: greater than 3 mL - use 1 to 3 mL syringe; 21- to 25g; 1 to 1-1/2" needle - palpate area/landmarks and check muscle mass - insert at 90 degree - aspirate before injecting - sites: deltoid (no more than 1 mL) (arm); ventrogluteal (hip); vastus lateralis (midlateral thigh); rectus femoris (mid third of anterior thigh) |
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dorsalgluteal
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approx. 1 inch above center of imaginary line between head of trochanter and posterior superior iliac spine
**use only when no others are accessible |
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vastus lateralis
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midlateral thigh
one handbreath below the head of trochanter and one handbreath above the knee - site is middle third of this area **preferred site for infants under 7 mos. |
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rectus femoris
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middle third of anterior thigh
**use only if not others are accessible |
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deltoid
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inverted triangle
2 to 3 fingerbreaths below acromion process, and tip is even with top of axilla |
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ventrogluteal
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triangle formed between your fingers when you place your palm on the head of the trochanter, index finger on anterior superior iliac spine, and middle finger on the iliac crest
**preferred site for adults and children over 7 months |
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Principles of Learning
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Relevance - meaningful, understood to client, relatable to other learned material
Motivation - want to learn, preceive value of info Readiness - should be willing and able Maturation - developmentally/cognitive/psychomotor abilities Reinforcement - positive/immediate feedback Participation - active involvement Organization - incoroporate previously learned/present simple to complex Repetition - retention by repetition, presentation |
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Components of Primary Prevention
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Specific Protection
Health Promotion |
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Pender's Health Promotion Model
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"belief in oneself's ability"
(fear not motivating factor) - perceived benefits - perceived barriers - perceived self efficacy - activity-related effects - interpersonal and situational influences |
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Teaching-Learning Process
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1. Assessment
2. Indentification of Needs 3. Planning - goals, objectives, content 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation - learners progress, teaching efficacy |
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Routes for non-parenteral medications
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oral
buccal sublingual topical - transdermal (on skin); instillation (rectal, vaginal, ophthal, otic); inhalation (gases) |
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Johari's window
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tool to increase self-awareness
PUBLIC (known to both) SEMI PUBLIC (known to others) PRIVATE (known to self) INNER (known to no one) |
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Health Belief Model
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Avoidance of negative health behavior
1. susceptibility (vulnerability) 2. adverse effect 3. benefits outweigh barriers (worth it) 4. confident in ability (self efficacy) |
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Prochaska's Model of Change
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Incremental steps, relapses, and sustainability
1. Precontemplation - no problem/no intent to change 2. Contemplation - weighs pros v. cons/change within 6 mos. 3. Preparation - action plan prep 4. Action - active change for min. 6 mos. 5. Maintenance - sustain change > 6 mos. 6. Termination - lifestyle change automatic |
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Levels of Prevention
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Primary - action precedes disease or dysfunction
Secondary - action designed to detect and intervent in early stage or potential of disease Tertiary - action designed to reduce disability or rehabilitation |
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Barriers to Learning
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External
- Environmental - Sociocultural Internal - Psychological - Physiological |
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teaching strategies
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lecture
discussion demonstration role playing value clarification |
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learning domains
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cognitive (know) - identify, define, explain, ....
psychomotor (do) - demonstrate, create, ... affective (feel) - choose to, ... |
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principles for safe medication administration
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six rights
- right patient - right medication - right dose - right route - right time - right documentation three checks - before prep - after prep - at bedside |
