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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the Liver do? |
-Metabolizes toxins, stores and manufactures -Creates bile -Converts ammonia to urea - Produces proteins that are important for blood clotting |
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Where is the liver located and what might physicians do? |
-It is located on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen - Doctors might palpate it to see if there is any swelling or enlargement |
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What does a healthy liver look and feel like |
Brown and smooth |
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Is the liver regenerative? |
Yes, it is the only organ in the body that is regenerative |
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What are myths about liver disease? |
-That the only people who typically get it are alcoholics and iv drug users -New meds that can cure hep C - People are immune to liver disease and hep C |
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What can you do to prevent Liver disease? |
Avoid: -alcohol -drugs (ecstasy, cocaine share hepatitis through sharing straws) -IV drug use (viral hepatitis) -OTC drugs (Tylenol and herbals if used to much or in high doses can affect your liver) - Avoid fatty food -Safe sex -Get immunized |
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10 things to lead to a healthier liver
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dark leafy greens rich coloured fruits cut back on sugar organic cleaning products exersize early diagnosis vaccinations etc meds, herbal remedies minimal use Safe behaviours (tattoos, piercings, sex) Alcohol Quit smoking |
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What is Viral Hepatitis |
You need to contact someone infected with hepatitis Causes inflammation of the liver, liver cirrhosis and possibly liver cancer later on |
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What is Hep A how do you get it? |
From oral fecal matter, food prepared by someone infected, contaminated water, touching someone with hep A |
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What is Hep B how do you get it? |
Coming into contact with someone who has hep B's bodily fluid |
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What is hep C how do you get it? |
Blood to Blood contact |
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What is liver cirrhosis? |
scar tissue formation on liver, looks bumpy and the more scar tissue on it the less function |
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What are some major causes of liver disease? |
It can be viral (hepatitis) Autoimmune Drug/Toxin Genetic/Metabolic Infiltrative Vascular |
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All causes can be.... |
acute or chronic |
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What are some manifestations of liver disease? |
-Hepatic encephalopathy - changed in LOC due to ammonia buildup -Asterixis- hand flappings at the wrist -Fetor Hepaticus - fruity like smelling breath -Fluid volume over load- seen in the abdomen, ankles, due to decreased albumin in the blood vessels and leaky blood vessels -Bleeding and bruising - INR decreases because its harder to clot |
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What are some paediatric considerations for liver disease? |
Biliary atresia- destruction of bile ducts (intra and extra hepatic). Bile builds up and backs up into the liver causing damage therefore, Kasai procedure needs to be done to avoid this backup of bile, or get a liver transplant. Short Gut syndrome - not able to absorb nutrients. This can lead to liver chirroisis and may need a liver transplant. Do TPN into the Gut. Metabolic Defects - many genetic defects which lead to liver not processing/making important products |
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How can you diagnose liver disease? |
Imaging - ultrasound, CT scan (look for structure or swelling) Bloodwork- AST, ALT, billirubin, INR Liver Biopsy- take a piece of liver however risky due to chance of bleeding d/t low INR (increased bilirubin, increased AST and ALT and decreased INR can indicate some liver damage) |
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What is an ERCP? |
endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography used to look at the liver and pancreas - want them to be NPO -give them lactulose to allow them to excrete waste products and ammonia (if stool is hard it wasn't effective need stool to be loose) |
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When does someone get a transplant? |
it is a last resort after you have tried everything - get it from a cadaveric (dead person) -need to be on life long anti rejection meds -risk of rejection -dont drink, smoke, and need good social support in order to get one |
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What does the Pancreas do? |
its an endocrine gland secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin An exocrine gland it secretes: pancreatic enzymes to help with digestion, amylase (carbs), lipids (fats) and trypsin(protein) therefore Dual function |
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What are the major diseases of the pancreas? |
Diabetes Cancer Cystic fibrosis Pancreatitis All of these can be acute or chronic |
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What is acute pancreatitis |
-edema and inflammation of the pancreas -can be mild to severe -may need enzymatic digestion |
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What is a major sign of acute pancreatitis? and other manifestations |
main sign is severe pain and guarding of the right side -rigid abdomen nausea and vomitting hypotension due to fluid shift |
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What might cause acute pancreatitis |
Gall stones, traumas, infections ect |
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What can cause chronic pancreatitis? |
alcohol abuse - constant irritation cystic fibrosis autoimmune disease |
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What can you do to manage chronic pancreatitis? |
-medications - a lot of high dose pain meds (narcs), insulin, pancreatic enzymes -surgical interventions- maybe Whipple procedure for cancer -hospitalization/ medical care for pancreatitis -transplant for some diabetics |
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How can you diagnose pancreatitis? |
blood work - amylase, lipase there levels will be through the roof imaging - looking for swelling and inflammation |
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