Health, Nutrition, And Safety Ch 1

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Preventive health

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personal and social behaviors that promote and maintain well being

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Preventive health approach involves a combination of

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personal practices and national initiatives

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Preventive health personal scale

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practicing good oral hygiene

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preventive health national scale

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providing immunization programs

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Programs established to address children's health needs

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Health people 2020

National Children's Agenda

Children's health insurance program

Healthy child care america

national health and safety performance standards for child care

no child left behind

coordinated school health program

the national children's study

Lets move

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Health, safety, and nutrition are

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closely intertwined and dependent on one another

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Health is

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a state of physical, emotional, social, economic, cultural, and spiritual well being

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The current health concept recognizes that children and adults don't

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live in isolation but are active participants in multiple groups, including family, peer, neighborhood, ethnic, cultural, recreational, religious, and community

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health is a product of continuous interactions between an

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individual's genetic makeup, environmental conditions, and personal experiences

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heredity

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the transmission of certain genetic material and characteristics from biological parents to a child at the time of conception

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predisposition

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having an increased chance to certain health problems

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environment encompasses a combination of

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physical, psychological, social, economic, and cultural factors that collectively influence the way individuals perceive and respond to their surroundings

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safety refers to

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behaviors and measures taken to protect individuals from unnecessary harm

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unintentional injuries are the leading cause of

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death among children from birth to 14 years

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young children are especially vulnerable to unexpected and serious injury because

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their developmental skills seldom match their level of enthusiasm and curiosity

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nutriton

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the science of food

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nutrients

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the chemical substances in food

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nutrients play critical roles in a variety of vital body functions such as

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supplying energy

promoting growth and development

improving resistance to illness and infection

building and repairing body tissue

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well nourished children are

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more alert, attentive, physically active, are better able to benefit from learning experiences, experience fewer illnesses, and recover more quickly when they are sick

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poorly nourished children

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may appear quiet and withdrawn, exhibit hyperactive or disruptive behaviors, are more prone to injury, are more susceptible to infections and illness, and often require longer time to recuperate

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Many family and environmental conditions can affect the quality of a child's diet such as

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financial resources, transportation, geographical location, cultural and religious preferences, convenience, and nutrition knowledge

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children's nutritional status has a significant effect of their

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behavior, cognitive development, and resistance to infection and illness

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Teacher's knowledge of children's development and health, safety, and nutritional needs can be applied when

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planning learning activities, classroom environments, meals and snacks, and supervision

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Teachers can implement sanitation and early identification practices to reduce children's

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unnecessary exposure to illness and infection

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Teachers can support the concept of preventive health by

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serving as positive role models and providing children with learning experiences that encourage a healthy lifestyle

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when teachers understand typical growth and developmental patterns they are better able to

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identify and address children's diverse needs and to help children master critical skills

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when teachers understand typical growth and developmental patterns they can

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-create learning experiences and set developmentally appropriate goals for children that foster positive self esteem

-design high quality environments that are safe and encourage children's mastery of new skills

-use this knowledge to promote childrens well being by identifiying health problems and abnormal behaviors and teaching healthy practices

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every child is unique, a product of

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diverse experiences, environments, interactions, and heredity

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norms

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an expression( weeks, months, years) of when a child is likely to demonstrate certain developmental skills

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Growth

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the many physical changes that occur as a child matures

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factors that affect growths quality and rate

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-genetic potential

-emotional stimulation and attachment

-cultural influences

-socioeconmic factors

-adequate nutrition

-parent responsiveness

-health status

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average newborn weighs _ and is _ inches long

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7 to 8 pounds and is 20

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an infants birth weight nearly _ by the _ and _ by the end of the _

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doubles, fifth month, triples, first year

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an infants length increases by _ during the first year

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50%

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an infants head appears large in proportion to the rest of the body due to

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rapid brain growth

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head circumference

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distance around the largest part of the head, used to monitor brain growth and development

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Changes that occur in infants during the first year

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growth of hair, eruption of teeth, eyes begin to focus, vision becomes more accurate

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special health concerns for infants include

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-nutritional requirements

-adequate provisions for sleep

-attachment

-early brain development

-safety and injury prevention

-identification of brith defects and health impairments

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infants age ranges from

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0-12 months

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toddlers age ranges from

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12-30 months

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eruption of baby teeth or deciduous teeth is complete by the end of

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the toddler period

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high activity levels make it essential for toddlers to get

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at least 10 to 12 hours of uninterrupted nighttime sleep and 1 to 2 hour long naps each day

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preschool/early school age ranges from

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2 to 8 years

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a genral rule for estimating a child's daily caloric needs is to begin with a base of _ calories and add an additional _per birthday

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1,000, 100

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development

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commonly refers to the process of intellectual growth and change

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infants development in the first year

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progresses from complete dependency on adults to the acquisition of language and the formation of rather complex thought patterns. Also become more social and outgoing, enjoy and imitate adults around them

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toddler and preschool development consists of

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continued refinement of language, perceptual, motor, cognitive, social achievements, improved motor and verbal skills, exploring, testing, and interacting with the environment, determining personal identity, and becoming more self sufficient

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preschool aged children development consists of

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becoming more self sufficient, ability to perform self care, fine motor tasks, importance of friendships, developing a conscience, and learning emotional control

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school aged children development consists of

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strong desire to achieve, participation in sports and other activities, build self esteem, build self confidence, establish gender identity

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a newborn's brain contains more than

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100 billion brain cells or neurons

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neurons

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specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses or signals

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complex electrical connections begin to form between neurons in response to

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postitive and negative experiences

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each time the same experience is repeated the neural pathway becomes

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stronger

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pruning

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a process where connections and pathways that are seldom used fade away

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the process of adding and deleting neural connections reaches peak activity between the ages of

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3 to 16

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Between the ages of 3 to 16 the brain's architecture transforms

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from an disorganized system into one capable of profound thought, emotions, and learning

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the majority of brain development occurs during the first 2 to 5 years of a child's life when the brain's

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plasticity makes it more receptive to shaping and change

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plasticity

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the brain's ability to organize and reorganize neural pathways

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sensitive periods or windows of opportunity in the child's brain is when

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neural connections in certain regions of the brain form more readily than they will later on

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nutriton especially during a mother's pregnancy and the first two years of a child's life is critically important to the

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development of their brain

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safe, responsive caregivers helps infants to form

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strong attachments and neural connections

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children's environments and the quality of available learning opportunities exert a direct influence on

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brain development