Health Exam 3

Front 1

infection is transmitted through 6 links:

Back 1

pathogen: disease causing microorganism
reservoir: person, animal, enviroment
portal of exit: saliva, feces
transmission: direct or indirect
portal of entry: penetration of skin, inhalation, injestion
new host: next infected person

Front 2

physical and chemical barriers of defense system

Back 2

skin, mucous membranes, respitory tract

Front 3

what attacks an infection

Back 3

neutrophils

Front 4

what are "big eaters"

Back 4

macrophages

Front 5

what do lymphocytes do

Back 5

create a reserve memory of T & B cells

Front 6

types of lymphocytes

Back 6

t & b cells

Front 7

T cells have

Back 7

helper, killer, supressor

Front 8

what do neutrophils and macrophages do

Back 8

draw to area of infection and attack

Front 9

what does a histamine do

Back 9

released by special cells in infected area
dilation of blood vessels
heat
redness
swelling

Front 10

how many people are infected with an STD a day?
age range?

Back 10

700,000
16-24 year olds

Front 11

all STD pathogens like

Back 11

dark, warm moist surfaces

Front 12

types of STDs

Back 12

bacterial, viral, others

Front 13

Bacterial STDs

Back 13

Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphillis

Front 14

viral STDs

Back 14

herpes virus
HPV
HIV/AIDS

Front 15

other STDs

Back 15

pubic lice: crabs
scabies
candidasis-fungus (yeast inf.)

Front 16

prevention and protection agaisnt stds

Back 16

abstinence: best and only 100% way to prevent
communication w/ partner
condoms
multiple forms
vaccinations: HPV 9-26 year olds

Front 17

Risk factors for STDs

Back 17

feelings of invulnerability
multiple partners (4+)
failure to use condoms
substance abuse
lack of knowledge

Front 18

signs and symptoms of gonorrhea

Back 18

men: cloudy discharge from penis, burning urination
women: green or yellowish dishcharge, painful urination
80% of women are asymptomatic

Front 19

complications of gonorrhea

Back 19

men: inflamtion of scrotal skin, swelling at base, urinary obstruction, sterility caused by blocked vas deferens

women: painful abcess in bartholins glands in vagina
can cause infection and blindness in babies
leading cause of sterilty in women
can cause PID

Front 20

treatment of gonnorhea

Back 20

detected by urine test or swab
cured w/ antibiotics
ppl often have chlamydia at same time

Front 21

signs of chlamydia

Back 21

most prevelant bacterial STD is U.S.
mostly asymptomatic
men: discharge from penis runny white
painful urination
women: abnormal vaginal discharge
pain during sex

Front 22

complications of chlamydia

Back 22

men: swollen and tender testicles (epiditimysis)
infertitlity
women: PID
can be passed to babies
easy to pass

Front 23

treatment of chlamydia

Back 23

detected by urine test
cured w/ antibiotics

Front 24

what is pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 24

most common complication from STD
chlamydia, gonorrhea pass through tract to infect uterus and fallopian tubes
risk increased w/ IUD and HIV
vaginal discharge, ab pain, bleeding

Front 25

complications of PID

Back 25

infertitlity: 15-24% w/ 1 case
caused by ghon/chlam
7X higher risk of ectopic pregnancy
can lead to chrnoic pelvic pain

Front 26

complications of syphillis

Back 26

insanity
impotencty
blindess,
death
paralysis

Front 27

treatment of syph

Back 27

detected by blood test
cured w/ antibiotics and condom use

Front 28

how many phases of syph

Back 28

4

Front 29

first stage of syph

Back 29

primary phase: 3weeks to 90 days painless sores, wet ulcers swollen glands

Front 30

2nd stage of syph

Back 30

secondary phase: 3-6 weeks up to 2 years
body rash, mild fever, fatigue, sore throat (flu symp) hair loss

Front 31

3rd sttage of syph

Back 31

latent phase: goes into hiding

Front 32

4th stage of syph

Back 32

late tertiary phase: damage to organs, CNS, CVD, and death

Front 33

type of herpes that causes cold sores

Back 33

HSV 1

Front 34

sypmtoms of herpes

Back 34

headache, swollen lymph nodes, fever, muscle aches, difficult urnation
numerous painful lesions on penis, vagina, buttocks

90% have no symptoms
can pass even when no symp. are present

Front 35

treatment of herpes

Back 35

detected by culture of lesion or blood test
treatment of symp. w/ antiviral medication no cure
45 million have been diagnosed

Front 36

50-80% of adults in U.S. have antibodies to

Back 36

HSV1 (cold sores) have been exposed

Front 37

treatment of crab louse

Back 37

permethrin/lindane

Front 38

transmission of scabies

Back 38

highly contagious skin to skin contact
incubation 2-4 weeks
rash w/ itching

Front 39

what is candidiasis

Back 39

yeast infection (fungus)
external dysuria
urine burns infected skin
cottage cheese
itchy and redness
same pathogen that causes thrush of mouth

Front 40

how to support immune system

Back 40

nutrition
exercise
rest
moderation of lifestyle
controlling stress

Front 41

what is HIV

Back 41

human immunodeficiency virus
chronic progressive viral infection that damages immune syst.

Front 42

what is AIDS

Back 42

A: aquired
I: immune affects immune syst
D: deficiency
S: syndrome

Front 43

requirements for HIV transmission

Back 43

HIV must be present
sufficient quantity : concetration
must get into bloodstream: open cut or sore
mucous membrane

Front 44

transmission from 1 person to another HIV

Back 44

blood including menstral
semen
vaginal secretion
breast milk
pre seminal fluid and clear lubrication

Front 45

primary target of HIV

Back 45

CD-4 Tcells (white blood cells that help coordinate activity of immune syst.)

Front 46

what happens when HIV enters body

Back 46

hiv attacks immune syst.
takes over CD-4 Tcells monocytes, and macrophages
CD4 Tcells drop: syptoms arise drop to 200 have full blown AIDs

Front 47

how long after exposure does it take to be diagnosed w/ HIV

Back 47

about 3 - 6 months

Front 48

stages of HIV

Back 48

primary infection phase: flu like syp. most infectuous period, asymp. most test are negative

chronic asymptomatic phase: last 2-20 years (av. 11)
virus infects and destroys immune syst
mostly symp. free and higly contagious

Front 49

testing for HIV

Back 49

elisa tool: usually 1st
ora quick testing: results 99.6% accurate takes 20-30 min
western blot assay: confirmatory test only performed if elisa is +
indirect immunoflorensce assay: can be used to confirm faster results but not as reliable and cheaper

Front 50

what is love

Back 50

one of the most basic and profound human emotions powerful in all relationships
doesn't give perfect happiness but gives life meaning

Front 51

what is the love triangle

Back 51

intimacy: warmth & closeness w/ one with love
passion: romance, attraction sexuality
committment: shotr term decision that you love someone
longterm: to be in the relationship

Front 52

challenges in relationships

Back 52

unequal or premature comittment
unrealistic expectations
competitiveness
balance of time
jealousy

Front 53

characteristics of successful relationships

Back 53

communications, verbal, listening, feedback, etc.

Front 54

types of communication of men

Back 54

competitive talk more listen less

Front 55

communication of women

Back 55

establish friendships, seeking advice, obtaining cues from listening and eye contact

Front 56

types of relationships

Back 56

singlehood, hetero/homo, marriage

Front 57

divorce rates

Back 57

50-55% b/c change of?

Front 58

process of divorce

Back 58

emotional separation
physical sep.
greatest stress event next to death of family memeber

Front 59

recovery from divorce

Back 59

1-3 yrs.
75% remarriage

Front 60

parenting syyles

Back 60

demanding: giving orders and expect obidience clear set of boundaries
responsiveness: warm, lovign supportive and considerate of needs encourage creativity
permissive/indulgent: low demand/high responsiveness
uninvolved: low demands/low responsiveness

Front 61

what is authoritarian
" " authoritative

Back 61

high demand/low responsiveness
high demand/ high " "

Front 62

6 qualities of strong families

Back 62

committment
appreciation
communication
time together
spiritual wellness
coping w/ stress and crisis

Front 63

female sex organs external

Back 63

genitals (vulva)
mons pubis
labia majoria
labia minor
prepuce
clitoris
urethral opening
vagina

Front 64

female sex organs internal

Back 64

cervix
uterus
endometrium
ovaries
fallopian tubes
hymen

Front 65

male sex organs

Back 65

penis, glans
foreskin corpus spongiosum
scrotum: function keep temp. @ 93.6
testes
seminiferous tubules withing testes
epiditimis: where sperm is stored
vas deferins
semial vesicle

Front 66

what happens during puberty

Back 66

reproductive syst. matures
secondary sex characteristics develop
male and female body changes
occurs due to changes in hormone levels

Front 67

4 phases of menstrual cycle

Back 67

menses
estrongonic phase
ovulation
progestational phase

Front 68

4 stages of sexual response cycle

Back 68

excitment phase: penis and clitoris bcome engorged w/ blood
plateau phase: more engorged/lubrication
orgasmic phase: climax
resolution phase: reverse of excitement

Front 69

what is refractory period

Back 69

time before men can be re excited

Front 70

egg and sperm each carry____ chromosones

Back 70

23

Front 71

what is infertitlity

Back 71

inability to conceive after 1 year

Front 72

signs of pregnancy

Back 72

missed period
slight bleeding
nausea
fatigue
increased urination breast tenderness

Front 73

how long does a trimester last

Back 73

13 weeks

Front 74

what happens durign 2nd trimester

Back 74

weight gain
begin to look pregnant
change in sense of well being

Front 75

what happens in 3rd trimester

Back 75

hardest of the 3
breathe, digest, excrete and circulate for 2
braxton hicks contractions

Front 76

fetal development during 1st trimester

Back 76

blastocyst
inner cells divide into 3 layers
one layer: internal body parts
middle: muscle, blood, bone, kidneys and sex glands
outer: becomes placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac
end of 2nd week: embryo
all major body structures formed
by 2nd motnh: fetus

Front 77

fetal dev. 2nd trimester

Back 77

fetus grows to about 14 inches and 1.5 lbs.
movement 4-5+

Front 78

fetal devel. 3rd trimester

Back 78

fetus gains protective fat layers
respitory and digestive organs develop

Front 79

importance of prenatal care

Back 79

nutritious diet
exercise
rest
size and proportion of uterus
250-500 extra calories each day

Front 80

how long is entire process of labor

Back 80

2-36 hrs.

Front 81

characteristics of 1st stage of labor

Back 81

13 hrs.
continues unti cervix is fully dilated
hormonal changes
contractions
last 30 sec. and occur ever 15 to 20 min.
amniotic sac may rupture
transition is last part of 1st phase

Front 82

2nd stage of labor

Back 82

baby slowly pushed into birth canal

Front 83

4 types of contraceptives

Back 83

barrier methods
hormonal methods
natural methods
surgical methods

Front 84

barrier methods prescription required

Back 84

diaphragm: covers cervix use w/ spermicide
cervical cap:

Front 85

non prescriptive barriers

Back 85

male condom
female condom
sponge:

Front 86

hormonal methods

Back 86

birth control pill
contraceptive patch
contraceptive ring
injectable shot
emergency contraceptivev (plan b)
IUD: 5-10 yrs.

Front 87

natural methods

Back 87

abstinence
fertitlity awareness method (FAM)
2 FAM methods:
calendar
temp method
withdrawal

Front 88

surgical methods

Back 88

vasectomy
hysterectomy
tubal sterilization

Front 89

can sponge be used multiple tiems

Back 89

NO