Health Communication Part 1

Front 1

PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model: What do PRECEDE and PROCEED stand for?

Back 1

PRECEDE:

Predisposing

Reinforcing

and Enabling

Constructs in

Environmental/Educational

Diagnosis and

Evaluation

PROCEED:

Policy

REgulatory and

Organizational

Constructs in

Educational and

Environmental Development

Front 2

Which steps fit in the PRECEDE part of the PPPlanning Model? (5 types of assessment)

Back 2

1. Social Assessment

2. Epedimiological Assessment

3. Behavioral and Environmental Assessment

4. Educational and Ecological Assessment

5. Administrative and Policy Assessment

Front 3

Steps in the PROCEED part of the PPPlanning Model?

Back 3

6. Implementation

7. Process evaluation

8. Impact Evaluation

9. Outcome evaluation

--> Implementation & Evaluation, in a nutshell

Front 4

What is the 'roadmap' analogy for the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

Back 4

The model can be viewed as a roadmap to behavioural change, whilst other theories provide the actual directions.

Front 5

Describe Social Assessment (pppmodel)

Back 5

Obtain insight into quality of life and determine target group

Front 6

Describe Epidemiological Assessment

Back 6

Determine objective health problems arising from the quality of life observed in step 1

Front 7

Describe behavioural/environmental assesment

Back 7

Systematic analysis of behavioural and environmental factors causing the health problems in step 2

Front 8

Describe Educational and Organizational assessment

Back 8

Find the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors which determine behavioral/environmental factors

Front 9

Describe Administrative and Policy assessment

Back 9

Development of interventions targeting the determining factors in step 5.

Front 10

What is Intervention Mapping?

Back 10

A protocol to aid decision making in the process of intervention development

Front 11

Name the 6 steps of intervention mapping

Back 11

1. Needs assessment

2. Matrices

3. Theory Based Methods and Practical Strategies

4. Program

5. Adoption and Implementation Plan

6. Evaluation Plans

Front 12

Describe Needs Assessment

Back 12

Use PRECEDE model to assess needs and establish desired outcomes

Front 13

Describe Matrices

Back 13

Create matrices of change objectives

Front 14

Describe Theory Based Methods and Practical Strategies

Back 14

Identify theoretical methods, choose programming methods and select practical strategies and ensure they match objectives

Front 15

Describe Program step

Back 15

Create program scope, sequence, theme and material list

Front 16

Describe Adoption and Implementation plan

Back 16

Specify performance objectives, select methods and strategies amd design interventions

Front 17

What is a stage matched intervention

Back 17

People recieve interventun based on their stage of intervention

Front 18

What is the Social Cognitive Stage Model (SCSM)

Back 18

Transtheoretical model plus Social Cognitive Theory

Front 19

Stages of SCSM

Back 19

Precontemplation - Matches percieved positive outcomes

Contemplation - Matches percieved negative outcomes

Preparation - Matches pros and cons

Action - matches self efficacy

Maintenance

Front 20

Types of segmentation to isolate target population

Back 20

- Demographic

- Behavioral

- Psychosocial

- Geographic

- Risk Factor

- Cultural

Front 21

What are the three communication input factors according to Kreuter and MCLure (re: segmentation)

Back 21

Source Factors (similarity)

Message Factors (Peripheral, evidential, linguisting & sociocultural)

Channel Factors

Front 22

Theory of Planned Behavior

Back 22

Adds PBC to theory of reasoned action. Intentions are composed of three deirect measured of beliefs

Front 23

Direct Determinants in the TPB are... (3)

Back 23

Attitude (instrumental vs experiential)

Subjective Norms (Injunctive and descriptive)

Percieved Behavioral Control (self efficacy/percieved control)

Front 24

Lower order factors of Attitude

Back 24

Behavioral Beliefs * Outcome Evaluation

Front 25

Lower order factors of Subjective Norms

Back 25

Normative beliefs * Motivation to Comply

Front 26

Percieved behavioral Control

Back 26

Control Beliefs * power of control factors

Front 27

TACT principle

Back 27

T - target

A - action

C - context

T - timeframe

Behaviours and determinants all have to be measured with the same specificity using TACT

Front 28

What is priming a belief?

Back 28

Priming can make an existing belief more salient and therefore increase its influence on intentions. The goal is to strengthen belief - intention relationship

Front 29

Step 1: Belief & Intention are significantly related

Back 29

If no significant correlation, eliminate belief

Front 30

Step 2: Compare intenders and Non intenders

Back 30

Prime if large % agreement and high mean for non intenders

Change if small and a strong argument can be made

Front 31

How to decide which attitudes to focus on when selecting beliefs to change/prime?

Back 31

Choose the most infliential direct determinant from the TPB by looking at the highest beta

Front 32

Describe an intention-behaviour gap

Back 32

Easier said than done

Front 33

Name two approaches for finding out if intentions predict behaviour

Back 33

Linear (using correlations)

Categorical (using profiles)

Front 34

I-B gap is most likely to be caused by these two groups

Back 34

-Disinclined Actors

-Inclined abstainers

Front 35

Name 4 types of variables which can minimize IB gap

Back 35

- Behaviour type

- Intention Type

- Properties of Intentions

- Personality and cognitive variables

Front 36

What are the two behaviour type variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them?

Back 36

Single action vs goals

-->stimulate participants to focus on single actions to strengthen the IB link

Controllability

--> Increase controlability (ability, resources etc.)

Front 37

What are the 2 intention type variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them

Back 37

Expectations vs intentions

--> does not moderate gap so ignore

Implementation intentions

--> In situation X, I will do Y

Front 38

What are the 4 properties of intentions variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them

Back 38

temporal stability

degree of intention formation

intention certainty

--> encourage the formation of strong and well thought out intentions

intention base

--> aim for attitude based/internally motivated intentions

Front 39

What are the 2 personality variables and how can we design an intervention targeting them

Back 39

Need for Cognition

--> (correlates with education level and can be used to target those who are more likely to be receptive to interventions about thinking

Action Control

--> no evidence

Front 40

What are the three cognitive variables and how can we design interventions to target them

Back 40

Anticipated regret

-->Stronger AR is more predictive so aim for that

Self-schema

-->relate behaviour to important values/indentities

Competing & conflicting intentions

--> encourage identification of these conflicting intentions and develop plans to cope with that conflict

Front 41

Name three types of nonconscious processes which influence health behaviour

Back 41

Implicit cognition

Implicit affect

Implicit motivation

Front 42

Describe implicit cognition

Back 42

Subconscious processing of cues, Attentional bias is the main thing here

Front 43

Describe implicit affect

Back 43

Subconscious attitudes to certain things, ie. implicit racism/sexism/soda preference

Front 44

Describe implicit motivation

Back 44

Subconscious cues can motivate an action/behaviour outside of participant awareness

Front 45

What is a habit?

Back 45

An automatic response to a contextual cue initiated automatically through an association between context and repeated actions.

Front 46

Why are habits often more powerful than intentions?

Back 46

Because they are easier to act upon. They are automatic rather than controlled and take up less cognitive capacity.

Front 47

Describe upstream & downstream interventions for weak habits

Back 47

Upstream (structural)

- context change

-economic changes (tax etc)

Downstream (individual)

- target beliefs using TPB

- Implementation Intentions

Front 48

Describe upstream & downstream

interventions for strong habits

Back 48

Upstream (structural)-

- context change like banning behaviours

Downstream + context change

- target beliefs using TPB

- Implementation Intentions

- use natural context change like moving or starting a new job