Health Care Delivery Midterm

Front 1

a major factor influencing the health care system is:

Back 1

the aging of the population

Front 2

the health care sector constituted what percentage of the us gross domestic product in 2005?

Back 2

16%

Front 3

which type of health care facility employs the most people in the us?

Back 3

hospitals

Front 4

the basic sourcce of the physician distribution problem in the us is:

Back 4

lack of health care coverage for all

Front 5

the number of specialists is increasing because:

Back 5

demand for specialists services is high, the development of medical technology, specialists earn more money

Front 6

the nurse reinvestment act of 2002 provides:

Back 6

grants and scholarships for nurses, funding for nurse retention programs, funding for further education for nurses

Front 7

what is the main difference between clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners

Back 7

cns's work in hospitals and fnp's work mainly in primary care settings

Front 8

In the U.S. midwifery's role in the management of pregnancies has been ________ compared to Europe.

Back 8

peripheral

Front 9

physician maldistribution occurs by:

Back 9

specialty and geography

Front 10

There is a ___________ of physicians in rural areas compared to metropolitan and urban areas.

Back 10

shortage

Front 11

the roles and responsibilities of health services administrators include:

Back 11

leadership and strategic direction, departmental management, program oversight

Front 12

primary care is :

Back 12

longitudinal, the portal to the health care system, holistic

Front 13

the principle source of funding for graduate medical education is:

Back 13

private funds

Front 14

what is a major criticism of managed care?

Back 14

quality of care may be sacrificed

Front 15

Since 1949, the percentage of active primary care generalist physicians has:

Back 15

decreased

Front 16

which medical specialty earns the highest salary?

Back 16

radiology

Front 17

t/f. the number of active physicians has steadily increased over time

Back 17

true

Front 18

t/f. the number of active nurses has steadily increased over time

Back 18

false

Front 19

t/f. less than 2% of all active physicians are DO's

Back 19

false

Front 20

t/f. more than half of DO's are generalists.

Back 20

true

Front 21

t/f. more than half of MD's are specialists

Back 21

true

Front 22

t/f. there is an imbalance between primary care and specialty care services in the us health care delivery system

Back 22

true

Front 23

t/f. there has been a decreasing number of international medical graduates in the us since 1980

Back 23

false

Front 24

t/f. fee for service reimbursement favors specialist practices.

Back 24

true

Front 25

t/f. pts requiring services from OT's need help with performing tasks in their daily living and working environments

Back 25

true

Front 26

t/f. in the preindustrial period, europe was more advanced than the us in medical science.

Back 26

true

Front 27

t/f. when hopitals first emerged in the the us, they were used primarily for the wealthy

Back 27

false

Front 28

t/f. in the preindustrial era, much of the medical care in the us was provided by nonphysicians

Back 28

true

Front 29

as the health care delivery t/f. system developed in the us, right from its inception, pcp's were assigned a gatekeeping role

Back 29

false

Front 30

when bills for compulsory t/f. health insurance were introduced in several states, they were opposed by labor unions

Back 30

true

Front 31

t/f. middle class americans have generally opposed proposals for a national health insurance program

Back 31

true

Front 32

t/f. according to polls, most americans are satisfied with the quality of health care

Back 32

true

Front 33

t/f. among both the insured and the uninsured, only a relatively small portion of american adults believe that the government would be the best source for obtaining health coverage

Back 33

true

Front 34

t/f. medicaid has uniform national standards for eligibility and benifits.

Back 34

false

Front 35

what has played a major role in revolutionizing health care delivery

Back 35

science and technology

Front 36

medical care in preindustrial america had a strong _______________ character.

Back 36

domestic

Front 37

the delivery of medical care in preindustrial america was governed mainly by:

Back 37

free market conditions

Front 38

in the preindustrial period, what was the main role of dispensaries?

Back 38

provided basic medical care to ambulatory pts

Front 39

hospitals in the us evolved from :

Back 39

almshouses

Front 40

what main purpose was served by an almshouse in preindustrial america?

Back 40

performed general welfare and custodial functions

Front 41

in the preindustrial period, what was the main reason why most people could not afford the services of a physician?

Back 41

the cost of travel was too high

Front 42

what was the main consequence of early proprietary medical schools, as opposed to state sponsored schools in the preindustrial period?

Back 42

standards were low

Front 43

what was a particularly important factor in promoting the growth of office based medical practice in the post industrial period.

Back 43

urbanization

Front 44

when a professions services are generally accepted and are legitimized, they impart ______ to the profession.

Back 44

cultural authority

Front 45

cultural authority was conveyed to the medical profession mainly through

Back 45

advances in medical science

Front 46

development of the hospital and _____________ happened almost hand in hand in a symbiotic relationship between the two.

Back 46

professionalization of medical practice

Front 47

even though hospitals incurred frequent deaths in the early 1900's their use was on the rise mainly because

Back 47

a large number of immigrants were settling in american cities

Front 48

why did physicians remain independant of corporate settings even after the medical profession became well recognized?

Back 48

physicans who took up practice in a corporate setting were castigated by the medical profession.

Front 49

define organized medicine

Back 49

concerted activities of physicians through the AMA

Front 50

the Flexnor Report of 1910, reported on:

Back 50

standards of training in medical schools

Front 51

in the us, public health and private practice of medicine developed seperately because:

Back 51

physicians were skeptical of the government taking control of medical practice

Front 52

since the early 1900's the burden of disease in developed countries has shifted from :

Back 52

infectious to chronic

Front 53

the inception of ____________ was used as a trial balloon for the idea of government sponsored universal health insurance

Back 53

workers comp

Front 54

initially, what was the main purpose of private health insurance in the us?

Back 54

compensate for loss of income during sickness and temporary disability

Front 55

the Baylor Hospital plan of 1929 laid the foundation for modern health insurance in the us. this was a _______ plan

Back 55

prepaid

Front 56

why did the first blue cross plans cover only hospital care?

Back 56

initial hospitalization was required in order to compensate a beneficiary for loss of income

Front 57

during the WWII period, health insurance became part of collective bargaining because of :

Back 57

wage freezes

Front 58

during the WWII period, the supreme court ruled that :

Back 58

health insurancce could be part of the collective bargaining process

Front 59

what was the main reason for initiating national health care in countries like germany and england?

Back 59

to ward off political instability

Front 60

the beliefs and values that form american ideology represent the sentiments of :

Back 60

the american middle class

Front 61

who was the first president to champion the cause for national health insurance

Back 61

harry truman

Front 62

over time, which interest group has proven to be the most powerful in opposing national health insurance?

Back 62

AMA

Front 63

on what grounds have middle class americans generally opposed proposals for national health insurance programs?

Back 63

higher taxes

Front 64

what is the most pressing concern that americans have expressed about health care in the us?

Back 64

high cost

Front 65

physicians and hospitals in the us began consolidating and integrating mainly in response to

Back 65

the growth of managed care

Front 66

e health has resulted in:

Back 66

patient empowerment and a dilution of their dependant role

Front 67

the elements of the epidemiology triangle of diseas occurance include:

Back 67

environment, agent, host

Front 68

what is the leading cause of preventable death in the us?

Back 68

smoking

Front 69

what is tertiary prevention?

Back 69

rehab therapies and monitoring of health to prevent complications or further illness, injury, or disability

Front 70

the wellness model is built on:

Back 70

intervention, adequate public health and social services, understanding risk factors

Front 71

according to the CDC, what contributes most to premature death in the us?

Back 71

lifestyle and behavoirs

Front 72

crude birth rate is calculated by:

Back 72

dividing number of live births in a period of time by the total population

Front 73

incidence is:

Back 73

the number of new cases occuring during a specified period divided by the population at risk

Front 74

demand side rationing is the same as:

Back 74

price rationing

Front 75

deontolgy asserts :

Back 75

it is an individuals duty to do what is right

Front 76

utilitarianisms emphasizes:

Back 76

happiness and welfare for the most people possible

Front 77

supply side rationing is also referred to as:

Back 77

nonprice rationing and planned rationing

Front 78

the limitations of market justice include:

Back 78

social problems are not adequately addressed, society is not always protected from the consequences of ill health, it leads to inequitable access to health care

Front 79

prevalence is:

Back 79

the total number of new cases at a specific point in time divided by specified population

Front 80

crude rates refer to:

Back 80

the total population

Front 81

holistic health adds to the __________ element of the WHO definition of health.

Back 81

spiritual

Front 82

John Snow is famous for:

Back 82

tracing the risk of cholera outbreaks in London the the Broad Street pump

Front 83

according to the CDC, what % of premature deaths in the us population can be attributed to inadequate access to medical care?

Back 83

10%

Front 84

t/f. under the medical model, health is defined as a complete state of physical , mental, and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmary

Back 84

false

Front 85

the 2 broad goals of healthy people 2010 are to eliminate health disparities and improve the quality of health care services

Back 85

false

Front 86

for most privately insured americans, health insurance is

Back 86

employer based

Front 87

approx how many millions of people are employed by the us health care system

Back 87

10 million

Front 88

under free market conditions, the relationship between the quantity of medical services demanded and the price of medical services is:

Back 88

inverse

Front 89

what kind of health care system does great britain have?

Back 89

national health system

Front 90

what are characteristics of a national health insurance system?

Back 90

the government finances health care through general taxes and health care is delivered by private providers

Front 91

what are characteristics of a socialized health care system?

Back 91

health care is financed through government mandated contributions by employers and employees

Front 92

what is an overarching goal of health people 2010?

Back 92

increase quality and years of healthy life

Front 93

what is an example of an IADL?

Back 93

walking up and down stairs

Front 94

the ownership of canada's health care system is best described as:

Back 94

combination of public and private

Front 95

supplier induced demand is created by:

Back 95

providers

Front 96

according to the CDC, what contributes most to premature death in the us?

Back 96

lifestyle and behavoirs

Front 97

crude birth rate is calculated by:

Back 97

dividing number of live births in a period of time by the total population

Front 98

incidence is:

Back 98

the number of new cases occuring during a specified period divided by the population at risk

Front 99

demand side rationing is the same as:

Back 99

price rationing

Front 100

deontolgy asserts :

Back 100

it is an individuals duty to do what is right

Front 101

t/f. capitation is a payment mechanism in which all health care serveces are included under one set fee per covered individual

Back 101

true

Front 102

t/f. in a free market, multiple pts and providers act interdependantly

Back 102

false

Front 103

moral hazard has to do with insured pts demand for health care services

Back 103

true

Front 104

in a single payer system, the primary payer is usually an insurance company

Back 104

false

Front 105

in national health insurance, governments are immune from lawsuits

Back 105

true